progressive Era

progressive Era

1. Immigrating living conditions- Most of them were lived in poverty. Many cities were crowded and there was inadequate water facilities, poor sanitation, and disease.

   • Immigrating living conditions

2. Big business- factor contributing to the dramatic upswing in magazine circulation was the prominent. have to stoop to everyone's level, including the small businesses. The big businesses would soon find out that in order to succeed they would have to band together with the smaller businesses to be successful, kind of a "Yin and Yang" effect.

   • Big Business

3. working conditions- During economic recessions many workers lost their jobs or faced large and critical pay cuts. *In the late nineteenth century more industrial accidents occurred in the United States than in any other industrial country.

   • working conditions

4. Environmentalism- There was expansion in railroads into the West. The widespread of destruction of areas of the Plains, as well as increased pollution of land and water.

   • Environmentalism

5. Womens' rights- Progressive Era women reformers launched state and national programs like pensions for mothers and state aid for widows. They advocated for the end of child labor and unsafe working conditions.

6. Clayton Antitrust Act - to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies.

   • Clayton Antitrust Act.

7. Theodore Roosevelt- was a leader of the Progressive movement, and he championed his "Square Deal" domestic policies, promising the average citizen fairness, breaking of trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs.

   • Theodore Roosevelt

8. Sherman Antitrust- outlaws "every contract, combination, or conspiracy in restraint of trade," and any "monopolization, attempted monopolization, or conspiracy or combination to monopolize."

9. Racial discrimination- Most African Americans had to face a lot of problems with voting. various opponents was in the subsequent rejection of genetic racism in favor of more environmentalist, nurture-based models of human nature and development.

   • Racial discrimination

10. Meat Inspection Act -an American law that makes it illegal to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under strictly regulated sanitary conditions.

    • Meat Inspection Act

11. Pure Food and Drug Act - The basis of the law rested on the regulation of product labeling rather than pre-market approval. President Roosevelt signed the Food and Drugs Act, known simply as the Wiley Act, a pillar of the Progressive era.

    • Pure Food and Drug act

12. Hull House- provided numerous services for the poor, many of whom were immigrants, that helped immigrants to learn about American culture and life. ... The first settlement house in the United States was established in 1889 in New York's lower East Side.

    • Hull House

13. 19th Amendment - passed both houses of Congress and was sent to the states for ratification. Eight days later, the 19th Amendment took effect.

    • 19th Amendment

14. national wildlife refuges - Conservation of the nation's resources, putting an end to wasteful uses of raw materials, and the reclamation of large areas of neglected land have been identified as some of the major achievements of the Roosevelt era.

    • National Wildlife Refuges

15. National American Suffrage Assoc. -Womens suffrage became a huge priority for women during this time; especially for the right to vote. ... Anthony and Stanton created the women's suffrage group NWSA

    • National American Suffrage Assoc.

16. Jane Addams - Jane Addams was on the frontline of the settlement house movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She later became internationally respected for the peace activism that ultimately won her a Nobel Peace Prize in 1931, the first American woman to receive this honor.

    • Jane Addams

17. Jacob Riis - was a journalist and social reformer who publicized the crises in housing, education, and poverty at the height of European immigration to New York City in the late nineteenth century. ... Riis helped set in motion an activist legacy linking photojournalism with reform.

    • Jacob Riis

18. Tuskegee Institute -inculcated Washington's principles of providing practical training for African Americans and helping them develop economic self-reliance through the mastery of manual trades and agricultural skills.

    • Tuskegee Institute

19. Upton Sinclair -Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle to expose the appalling working conditions in the meat-packing industry. His description of diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat shocked the public and led to new federal food safety laws. Before the turn of the 20th century, a major reform movement had emerged in the United States.

    • Upton Sinclair

20. NAACP -interracial American organization created to work for the abolition of segregation and discrimination in housing, education, employment, voting, and transportation; to oppose racism; and to ensure African Americans their constitutional rights.

    • NAACP

21. Gifford Pinchot -Gifford Pinchot was an important figure in the American conservation movement. As the first chief of the US Forest Service, Pinchot tripled the nation's forest reserves, protecting their long term health for both conservation and recreational use.

    • Gifford Pinchot

22. Alice Paul - advocated for and helped secure passage of the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution, granting women the right to vote. Paul next authored the Equal Rights Amendment in 1923, which has yet to be adopted.

    • Alice Paul

23. John Muir -John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, advocated preservation of natural resources from use, while Gifford Pinchot, a forester, called instead for conservation, the proper use of natural resources.

    • John Muir

24. Act Woodrow Wilson -During his first term, Wilson presided over the passage of his progressive New Freedom domestic agenda. His first major priority was the passage of the Revenue Act of 1913, which lowered tariffs and implemented a federal income tax.

    • Act Woodrow Wilson

25. William Howard Taft - move forward with progressive reforms. His reforms addressed the progressive goals of democracy, social welfare, and economic reform. Two of the major progressive achievements under President Taft were constitutional amendments. The Sixteenth Amendment was passed in 1909 and ratified in 1913.

    • William Howard Taft

26. Booker T. Washington- forming the National Negro Business League. It encouraged entrepreneurship among black businessmen, establishing a national network. His autobiography, Up from Slavery, first published in 1901, is still widely read in the early 21st century.

    • Booker T. Washington