Zusammenfassung der Ressource
The Three Approaches To An Argument
- The Classical Approach
- 1-Introduction
- Get peoples attention
- I at least want them to hear me out
- 2-Statement of fact
- Talk about the issue
- Give your knowledge of the situation
- 4-Proposition
- Propose your solution
- Show evidence that supports your case
- 3-Refutation
- Summarize your apponent's arggument
- Point out flaw's
- 5-Substantiation and Proof
- Make your own case using ethos, pathos and logos
- Use good evidence
- 6-Conclusion
- Summarize your most important points
- Try to appeal to peoples feelings
- The Toulmin Approach
- 1-Claim
- Propose your statement
- Show your information
- 2-Grounds
- Give your hardest facts
- Give your reasoning for your claim
- 3-Warrent
- Give data to legitimize your claim
- It answers the question 'Why does that data mean your claim is true?'
- 4-Backing
- Additional support for your Warrent
- Answer different questions
- 5-Qualifier
- the strength of the leap from the data to the warrant
- include words such as 'most', 'usually', 'always' or 'sometimes'
- 6-Rebuttal
- Counter argument as much as ppossible
- These may be rebutted either through a continued dialogue, or by pre-empting the
counter-argument
- The Rogerian Approach
- 1-An introduction
- Explain your problem
- 2-A neutral, non-judgmental statement of the opponent's position
- presented within valid contexts, that demonstrates the writer clearly understands it
- 3-A neutral statement and explanation
- Explain your position and why it's valid
- 4-An analysis
- Analysis what the two positions have in common and what goals and values they share
- 5-A proposal
- State your proposal that solves the problem and interest both parties