Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Theories on Language Acqusition
- BICS
- Jim Cummins
- Language acquired through basic interactions, the playground, texting, at lunch, in the hallways, etc.
- This is what your student walks into your classroom with
- When your kids don't interact with you, but will with their classmates it's like how you can perform a task no problem on your own but the pressure of an audience shuts you down
- Helping them bridge over
- Interactive learning games when it rains or having an interactive learning space outside
- Encouraging them to interact more in the classroom will help them, group work, or partners so they talk more in an academic setting
- Threshold Hypothesis
- Jim Cummings
- The threshold level of ability must be reached in the first language to be successful in another
- Your student must know the basics and understand their first language before they can successfully learn another
- Like building blocks they have to have something to build their knowledge onto, without one language mastered learning a second would be nearly impossible
- Effective Filter Hypothesis
- Steven Krashen
- This is when you model what you are trying to teach. You are taking down barriers to allow them to learn easier
- Visual Aids/Graphics
- Demonstrating what they are about to do/will do yourself
- This could be giving them sentence starters for a project
- CALP
- Jim Cummins
- Formal academic learning, going from BICS to CALP can take anywhere from 4-10 years.
- To shorten this time period you can work more with a student one on one
- BICS --> CALP is going from being able to basically communicate in a language to being proficient in the language, like ordering food or casual conversation, to writing papers
- Climbing up the perverbial ladder of education, going from simple conversation, to after mastering more and more of the language, excelling and being a professional writer
- This is going from yes or no questions to comprehensive questions
- It's All Just a System
- Ferdinand de Saussure
- Learning how the language is formed is part of learning the language itself
- Parts of speech
- You can teach it as a formula, "to make a complete sentence you must have a noun and verb"
- Input vs. Intake
- Input - all oral language a student is exposed to
- Intake- the language that the learner absorbs and can engage
- Students are exposed to more than they can take, but can be effective when the concepts are repeated
- Strategies
- demonstrating
- giving hand outs with starter sentences
- tell students what information to focus on ahead of time
- Found in video, could not find original theorist
- Universal Grammar
- Noam Chomsky
- Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives, every language has them.
- Building on their knowledge they already have of sentence structure to learn a second language
- Simple sentence worksheets teaching them how to form sentences, or complex ones would be helpful
- Since we all use the same parts of speech, just in different places, the knowledge is there, just the practice of the information changes.