Topics R47-R60

Topics R47-R60

1. Flowcharts

   • Flowcharts have many different symbols for telling the user what is happening in the program
   • Flowcharts are an easy way of representing how somthing worls without going into massive amounts of detail and writing, it keeps it clean and tidy.

2. Assemblers,Compilers and Interpreters

   • Are different ways a program translates the code you have written into it.
   • Interpreter translates the code line by line
   • Assemblers translates assembly code into machine code
   • Compilers translate high level into machine language

3. Assignment, Variables, Constants & Sequences

   • A variable is an identifier that points to a certain memory location
   • when you put a value into a variable, its called a constant
   • Lines of code that execute one after another are knon as a sequence
   • a constant is a number that doesn't change while the program is running

4. Data Types

   • data types are different ways in which data is stored.
   • Different data types are: interger, real/floating point, boolean,character, string
   • when a variable or a constant is sotred, the computer needs to know what data type they are to function

5. Numeric Operations

   • Addition-> + , Subtraction-> -, Division-> /, Multiplication-> * , Modulus-> MOD, Interger Division-> DIV

6. IF Statments and Boolean Operators

   • Booleans store one of two values, true or false. you combine these using boolean operators
   • IF statements allow you to branch two different parts of the code depending on the condition

7. Nested IF & Case Select Statments

   • Nested IF's are when an IF statement is placed inside another
   • when some Nested IF statements are too long to type, we can use Case select to shorten them.

8. WHILE & Repeat Loops

   • While loops check a condition before starting, if it is true they will loop, if it isn't they will go to the end of the loop
   • Repeat loops check the condition at the end of the loop, they will always run the first iteration

9. FOR Loops

   • Repeat the loop the desired amount of times, there are loads of different ways of creating them in different languages

10. Arrays

    • Arrays allow the programmer to store loads of variables under one identifier.
    • They are often used together with FOR loops

11. String Manipulation

    • a series of characters stored within one identifier
    • can be thought of as an array in lots of languages

12. Errors & Testing

    • there are 3 types of errors
    • Logic, Syntax and Runtime. they all have different meanings for what is going wrong with the program