Zusammenfassung der Ressource
The Periodic Table C3.1
- Group 1
- Called Alkali metals
- From the left hand column
of the periodic table
- Are very reactive
- Have to be stored in oil
- React with water
- React with air
- Common Properties
- Are very soft
- Can be cut with a knife
- Have low densities
- Lithium, Sodium, and
Potassium float on water
- React quickly with water
- From hydroxides and
hydrogen gas
- The hydroxides
dissolve in water to
form alkaline solutions
- Equation
- group 1 metal + water → group 1 metal hydroxide + hydrogen
- 2M(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2MOH(aq) + H2(g)
- M = symbol for group 1 metal
- Trends
- Melting and boiling points
- Have low boiling and melting points
- Decreases as you go down the elements
- Reactivity
- Reactivity increases as you go down the elements
- Group 1 metals react with non-metals to form ionic compounds
- sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride
- Transition Metals
- Between groups 2 and 3
- In the centre of the periodic table
- Some of the most commonly used metals
- Iron, copper, silver, gold etc.
- Can act as catalysts
- Iron is used when
making ammonia
- Properties
- High density
- Hard and tough
- High melting points
- Make coloured compounds
- Slow reaction with water
- Slow reaction with air
- Slow reaction with acid
- Group 7
- Called Halogens
- 2nd to right
column in the table
- Are toxic
- Can be a useful property
- Chlorine
- Sterilises drinking water
- Sterilises water in swimming pools
- Iodine
- Used as an antiseptic
- Treats wounds
- Common properties
- Non-metals
- Low melting points
- Low boiling points
- Increase as you go down the group
- Brittle when solid
- Poor conductors
- Heat
- Electricity
- Have coloured vapours
- Become darker as you
go down the group
- Molecules are diatonic
- Contain two atoms
- Reactive
- Get less reactive as you
go down the group
- Displacement reactions
- Form ionic compounds
- When reacted with metals
- Chlorine is more reactive than bromine, so it
can displace bromine from bromide compounds
- The most reactive halogen displaces all the
other halogens from solutions of their salts
- Trends in Reactivity
- Metals
- Lose reactions when
reacted with non-metals
- Group 1 elements
- Lose the electron from their
highest energy level
- From 1+ ions
- Number of energy levels increases as
you go down the goup
- The higher the energy level, the greater
the distance from the nucleus
- The further away, the more
easily the electrons are lost
- Less reactive
- Non-metals
- Gain electrons when they are
reacted with metals
- Elements in Group 7 gain one electron
into their highest occupied energy level
- Form ions with a –1 charge.
- Group 7 elements
- As you go down the group, the
number of energy shells increases.
- The higher the energy level, the
greater the distance from the nucleus
- The less easily electrons are gained
- Become less reactive as you
go down the group
- Reactivity depends on how easily
atoms lose or gains electrons
- Only the highest energy
level is used in bonding