Fundamental particles

Fundamental particles

1. Protons: mass 1, charge +1

   • Mass number: protons + neutrons
   • Atomic number: number of protons

2. Neutrons: mass 1, charge 0

3. Electrons: mass 1/1840, charge -1

4. Ions

   • Positive ions (cations) - less electrons
   • Negative ions (anions) - more electrons

5. Actual mass = proton mass + neutron mass + electron mass

6. Isotopes

   • Same chemical properties due to same number and arrangement of electrons
     • Different physical properties due to different mass
   • Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons