P6 - Waves

P6 - Waves

1. Amplitude

   • The amplitude of a wave refers to the maximum amount of displacement of a particle on the medium from its rest position. In a sense, the amplitude is the distance from rest to crest. Similarly, the amplitude can be measured from the rest position to the trough position.

2. Wavelength

   • Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other. The wave with the greatest frequency has the shortest wavelength. Twice the frequency means one-half the wavelength. For this reason, the wavelength ratio is the inverse of the frequency ratio.

3. Frequency

   • The frequency of a wave is the number of waves produced by a source each second. It is also the number of waves that pass a certain point each second. The unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz). It is common for kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz) and gigahertz (GHz) to be used when waves have very high frequencies.

4. Hertz

   • Frequency is the rate at which current changes direction per second. It is measured in hertz (Hz), an international unit of measure where 1 hertz is equal to 1 cycle per second. Hertz (Hz) = One hertz is equal to one cycle per second.

5. Peak

   • Peak frequency is simply the frequency of maximum power. For vocal sounds composed of a pure tone (sine wave) embedded in some environmental noise this is often the best pitch estimate. For other broadband and harmonic sounds, mean frequency and fundamental frequency often work better.

6. Types of Waves

   • Vibrations
     • Vibrations are the origins of waves. When vibrations disturb a medium, the disturbance travels through the medium, from one location to another, in the form of a wave. Waves travel by crests and troughs in a periodic fashion. The portion of a wave between two crests or troughs is called a wavelength
   • Longitudinal
     • Longitudinal waves are waves in which the vibration of the medium is parallel ("along") to the direction the wave travels and displacement of the medium is in the same (or opposite) direction of the wave propagation
   • Different types of waves have a different set of characteristics. Based on the orientation of particle motion and direction of energy, there are three categories: Mechanical waves. Electromagnetic waves.

7. Pitch

   • Standard pitch is a more widely accepted convention. The A above middle C is usually set at 440 Hz (often written as "A = 440 Hz" or sometimes "A440"), although other frequencies, such as 442 Hz, are also often used as variants.

8. ear drum

   • Your eardrum is a really important part of your ear. Sound waves travel through the ear canal to reach the eardrum. The eardrum is a thin flap of skin that is stretched tight like a drum and vibrates when sound hits it. These vibrations move the tiny bones of the middle ear, which send vibrations to the inner ear.

9. ear bones

   • There are actually only 3 bones in your ear. While they have the composition of any other bone in the human body, their size is very notable. All 3 of these bones can fit inside a penny. The smallest bone in the entire body is the stirrup bone, one of the 3 bones in the human ear.

10. ear-pinna

    • The auricle (pinna) is the visible portion of the outer ear. It collects sound waves and channels them into the ear canal (external auditory meatus), where the sound is amplified. The sound waves then travel toward a flexible, oval membrane at the end of the ear canal called the eardrum, or tympanic membrane.

11. how soud gets into the brane

    • The inner ear translates vibrations into electrical signals. The electronic signals are carried into the brain by nerve cells called neurons via the cochlear nerve system. The signals travel along the cochlear nerve system to the brain's cerebral cortex. Like a supercomputer, this part of the brain.