USE OF POLYMERS

USE OF POLYMERS

1. ACCORDING TO ITS ORIGIN

2. DEFINITION

   • They are macromolecules composed of one or more chemical units (known as monomers) that are repeated throughout the chain.

3. ACCORDING TO ITS ORIGIN

   • SYNTHETIC
     • They are obtained industrially by handling organic monomers. For example: nylon or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
   • NATURAL
     • They are of natural origin, coming from nature. For example: nucleic acids or proteins
   • SEMI-SYNTHETIC
     • They are obtained from the transformation of natural polymers. For example: nitrocellulose.

4. ACCORDING TO ITS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

   • ORGANIC POLYMERS
     • Are those whose main chain of molecules is composed primarily of carbon (C).
   • ORGANIC VINYL POLYMERS
     • They only have carbon atoms in their main chain, although they can also contain halogens and styrenes in their structure.
   • NON-VINYL ORGANIC POLYMERS
     • They present in their main chain oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) in addition to carbon atoms.
   • INORGANIC POLYMERS
     • They can be based on sulfur (S) or silicon (Si).
       • WEBGRAPHY
         • https://www.caracteristicas.co/polimeros/#:~:text=Los%20pol%C3%ADmeros%20pueden%20ser%20de%20origen%20natural%20o%20sint%C3%A9tico%2C%20pero,de%20la%20cadena%20polim%C3%A9rica%20resultante.
           • https://polyexcel.com.br/es/productos/sepa-las-principales-aplicaciones-de-los-polimeros-y-sepa-para-que-sirven/
             • https://1library.co/article/seg%C3%BAn-su-comportamiento-al-elevar-su-temperatura.zwvov4vq

5. ACCORDING TO YOUR APPLICATIONS

   • Polycarbonate (PC)
     • Polycarbonate is a long-chain compound, made up of functional assemblies linked to carbonate assemblies. They are considered thermoplastics because they can be molded when heated. The main applications of this compound are in CDs, filter containers, bottles, shop windows, partitions, etc.
   • Polyurethane (PU)
     • This polymer is made up of a chain of organic units connected by urethane bonds. This option is widely used in plates, car padding, thermal insulation in rainwear, frames, coatings, films, belts and frames.
   • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
     • Among the applications of synthetic polymers, polyvinyl chloride is one of the most produced in the world and can be characterized as rigid or flexible. Its main applications are found in partition walls, translucent tiles, pipes and connections for water, shutters, sewers and ventilation.

6. ACCORDING TO YOUR BEHAVIOR

   • To classify polymers, one of the simplest empirical ways is to heat them above a certain temperature. Depending on whether the material melts and flows or, on the contrary, it does not, two types of polymers are differentiated.
     • thermoplastics
       • that flow (turn to a liquid state) on heating and harden (return to a solid state) on cooling. Its molecular structure presents few (or no) crosslinks. Examples: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), PVC.
     • thermosets
       • they do not flow, and the only thing that we achieve by heating them is that they chemically decompose, instead of flowing. This behavior is due to a structure with many crosslinks, which prevent the relative displacement of the molecules.
   • The thermoplastics / thermosets classification is independent of the elastomers / plastics / fibers classification. There are plastics that have a thermoplastic behavior and others that behave as thermosetting. This constitutes in fact the main subdivision of the group of plastics and often means that when speaking of "thermosets" it is actually only referred to "thermosets plastics".

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