STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS

1. PARTS AND ORGANELLES

   • CELL WALL
     • SUPPORT, NO MEMBRANE
   • NUCLEUS
     • CONTROLS ACTIVITIES OF CELL
   • RIBOSOMES
     • SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
   • CELL MEMBRANE
     • CONTROLS WHAT MOVES THROUGH
   • GOLGI BODY
     • PACKING AND STORING CHEMICALS FOR TRANSPORT
   • MITOCHONDRIA
     • POWER HOUSE, RESPIRATION
   • ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
     • PROTEIN MADE FOR EXPORT
   • CHLOROPLASTS
     • INVOLVED IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS
   • LYSOSOMES
     • DESTROYS OLD CELLS & ORGANELLES

2. PASSIVE TRANSPORT

   • OSMOSIS
     • the net movement of free water from areas of low solute concentration to high solute concentration
     • HYPERTONIC
       • increase/high solute concentration
     • ISOTONIC
       • equal solute concentration
     • HYPOTONIC
       • low solute concentration
   • DIFFUSION
     • the net movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration
     • AN EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF MOLECULES
     • RATE DEPENDS ON:
       • CHARGE OF IONS
       • TEMPERATURE
       • DIAMETER OF IONS
       • CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

3. ACTIVE TRANSPORT

   • Energy is used to move substances from low to high concentration usually via carrier proteins
     • ENDOCYTOSIS
       • traveling into the cell
     • EXOCYTOSIS
       • travelng out of the cell ie removal of waste

4. TYPES OF CELLS

   • PROKARYOTIC
     • SMALL/LACK SPECIALISATION
     • SINGLE CHROMOSOME
     • REACTIONS OCCUR IN CYTOPLASM
     • NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES
     • RIBOSOMES IN BOTH
   • EUYKARYOTIC
     • RELATIVELY LARGE
     • MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES
     • MULTIPLE ORGANELLES
     • REACTIONS OCCUR IN ORGANELLES

5. CELL/ PLASMA MEMBRANES

   • FUNCTIONS
     • BOUNDRY OF CELL
     • CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES PASSING THROUGH
     • ENCLOSES ORGANELLES
     • CELLULAR COMMUNICATION
     • TRANSPORT OF MOLECULES
     • ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY
   • STRUCTURES
     • GLYCO PROTEIN
       • cell recognition, proteins and carbohydrates
     • CARRIER PROTEIN
       • receives signalling molecules (hormones)
     • RECEPTOR PROTEIN
       • carries substances across the membrane

6. FACILITATED TRANSPORT

   • Passive transport from high to low concentration via protein channels and carrier proteins