Analyzing and Interpreting Data

Analyzing and Interpreting Data

1. Definition and purpose

   • Data analysis in qualitative research involves summarizing data dependably and accurately. The presentation of the findings of the study thus has an air of undeniability.
   • Data interpretation is an attempt by the researcher to find meaning in the data and to answer the “So what?” question in terms of the implications of the study’s findings
   • It is important to avoid premature actions based on early analysis and interpretation of data

2. Steps in Analyzing Qualitative research data

   • Qualitative data analysis is a cyclical, iterative process of reviewing data for common topics or themes. One approach to analysis is to follow three iterative steps: reading/memoing, describing what is going on in the setting, and classifying research data.
   • Stating what’s missing from the study encourages the researcher to reflect and to identify any questions for which answers have not been provided.

3. Data interpretation strategies

   • Data interpretation is based heavily on the connections, common aspects, and linkages among the data pieces, categories, and patterns. Interpretation cannot be meaningfully accomplished unless the researcher knows the data in great detail
   • The aim of interpretation is to answer four questions: What is important in the data? Why is it important? What can be learned from it? So what?

4. Data analysis strategies

   • Identifying themes is a strategy that relies on the identification of ideas that have emerged from the review of literature and in the data collection.
   • Concept mapping allows the qualitative researcher to create a visual display of the major influences that have affected the study to allow for the identification of consistencies and inconsistencies between disparate groups.

5. Ensuring credibility

   • To check the credibility (and trustworthiness) of their data, qualitative researchers should ask themselves the following six questions:
     • a. Are the data based on one’s own observation or on hearsay? b. Are observations corroborated by others? c. In what circumstances was an observation made or reported? d. How reliable are those providing the data? e. What motivations may have influenced a participant’s report? f. What biases may have influenced how an observation was made or reported?