SYSTEMS & MODELS

SYSTEMS & MODELS

1. SYSTEMS

   • It is a set of connected parts that relate to each other to form a complex whole and produce emergent properties.
     • Helps us to study its complexity by breaking it down into the most relevant elements.
       • INTEGRATED PARTS
         • Inputs
           • An element that goes into the system to activate it
             • Physical
             • Cultural behaviours
             • They can be
         • Processes
           • A series of actions that act on the inputs and transform them into outputs
             • Information transfer
             • Energy transformation
             • They can be
         • Outputs
           • are the flows of matter and energy that leave the system
             • Feedback
               • They are outputs that re-enter the system and become new inputs
                 • Not every system has feedback
         • EXAMPLE
           • In photosynthesis:
             • INPUT: Water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight (Energy)
             • PROCESS: Chemical reactions
             • OUTPUTS: Oxygen and glucose
       • CONSTITUENT PARTS
         • Energy flow
           • • Energy
               • It flows
                 • Sunlight
                 • EXAMPLE
             • Matter
               • It cycles
                 • Water
                 • EXAMPLE
             • It involves
             • Ways it occurs
               • Transformations
                 • When energy and matter is moved through a process that will create a change of state or form
               • Transfers
                 • When energy and matter is moved without suffering any changes
       • TYPES
         • Open
           • A system that exchanges both energy and matter with the environment
             • Water Bodies.
             • EXAMPLE
         • Closed
           • A system that exchanges energy but does not exchange natter with the environment
             • Earth
             • EXAMPLE
         • Isolated
           • A system that does not exchange energy nor matter with the environment
             • Universe
             • EXAMPLE

2. MODELS

   • It is a study on a particular part of the world by making a simplified version of it in order to have a better understanding, visualization and definitions
     • It is useful to obtain prediction about similar situation
       • It explains how a complex phenomena emerges from a simpler phenomena
         • DEVELOPEMENT
           • It is similar to the scientific method
         • TYPES
           • Systems
             • It is a set of connected parts that relate to each other to form a complex whole and produce emergent properties.
               • • Taken from: https://www.i-study.co.uk/IB_ES/IB_unit1_Environmental _systems_and_models.html
               • EXAMPLE
           • Simulations
             • It is model in action that provides information about the response of something over time.
               • • Taken from: https://hcdevilsadvocate.com/top-stories/2017/03/01/ why-to-welcome-global-warming/
               • EXAMPLES
         • ADVANTAGES
           • DISADVANTAGES
             • Shortage of detail, predictions are not that precise
               • It requires figures, or else it creates misunderstandings
                 • Distorted information which can lead to misconception
                   • May be deceiving and it might affect our comprehension
           • Helps to exemplify complex ideas and prepare hypotheses.
             • Reveal patterns
               • Easy to follow
                 • It is able to study aspects that might be too small or too long for a better understanding.
     • due to this

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