ENERGY

ENERGY

1. NON-RENEWABLE

   • URANIUM
     • Deseavantages
       • LEAVES RADIOACTIVITY FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS SO, THEY ARE DANGEROUS THAT ENTIRE TIME THERE IS THE RISK OF A NUCLEAR ACCIDENT
     • Advantages
       • IT’S RELATIVELY EASY PRODUCE ENERGY
     • How
       • The nucleus of a uranium atom is bombarded with a neutron, which is a small part of another atom. So the nucleus breaks in two. It releases heat (the equivalent of burning 1.000 tons of coal),
   • COAL
     • How was coal create
       • Very big trees existed on earth millions of years ago. Some of these big trees grew in shallow lakes. When these trees died, they accumulated under the water. WITHOUT OXYGEN AND THEY DIDN’T DECOMPOSE. Later, sediments covered them. Geological movements sent this wood UNDER THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH. THE PRESSURE, THE HEAT AND THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN CONVERTED THE WOOD INTO COAL.
     • How do we produce energy with coal ?
       • 1. We transport coal to the pulveriser, and shrink it.
         • 2.The coal is burned and the heat produces steam. The steam turbine transforms heat into movement.
           • 3.The steam turbine moves a generator, and it transforms movement into electricity.
     • Advantages
       • IS CHEAP º
     • DISADVANTAGES
       • IS THE MOST POLLUTING OF FOSSIL FUELS PRODUCES THE MOST CO2 AND MOST SULPHURIC OXIDES
   • CRUDE OIL
     • How was crude oil formed ?
       • Tiny sea plants and animals died and buried on the ocean floor. They didn’t completely decompose because there wasn’t enough oxygen in the water. Over time, they were covered by layers of sediments and rocks.Over millions of years, the remainds where buried deeper and deeper. The enormous pressure and heat turn them into oil and gas. Over millions of years, the remainds where buried deeper and deeper. The enormous pressure and heat turn them into oil and gas. Today, we drill down throught the layers of sedimentary rock that contains oil and gas deposit.
     • How can we make it useful?
       • OIL IS A MIXTURE OF DIFFERENT HYDROCARBON MOLECULES. AND WHEN WE SEPARATE THEM WE OBTAIN DIFFERENT PRODUCTS. To separete molecules of different lenghts, we pass oil throught a HOT PIPE. As the OIL GETS HOT, the LIGHTER MOLECULES EVAPORATE and exit the pipe. As the OIL GETS HOTTER, the HEAVIER MOLECULES EVAPORATE and exit the pipe
   • NATURAL GAS
     • How was natural gas formed?
       • NATURAL GAS WAS FORMED MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO, OFTEN WITH CRUDE OIL OR COAL. AND BECAUSE IS A GAS, WE FIND IT AT THE TOP OF THE CRUDE OIL. ATURAL GAS = METHANE It is a small and volatile particule
     • How do we produce energy with natural gas?
       • 1 We transport natural gas into the boiler. 2 The natural gas is burned and the heat produces steam. The steam turbine transforms heat into movement . 3 The steam turbine moves a generator, and it transforms movement into electricity.
     • Advantages
       • iS CHEAP RELATIVE CLEAN, BECAUSE OF THE THREE FOSSIL FUELS, NATURAL GAS PRODUCES THE LEAST AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE WHEN WE BURN IT. AND ALSO IT DOESN’T CONTAIN SULPHUR, SO IT DOESN’T PRODUCE SULPHUR OXIDES.
     • Deseavantages
       • IS DIFFICULT TO STORE IS DIFFICULT TO TRANSPORT, SO UNTIL 1980’s WE LIQUEFIED AND IN THIS WAY WE CAN TRANSPORT IT BY SHIPS OR ALONG GAS PIPES.

2. RENEWABLE

   • HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAMS
     • How does a hidro-electri station work ?
       • A HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION HAS A DAM, WICH ACCUMULATES WATER AND RAISES THE LEVEL OF THE WATER. THE TUBE PASES THROUGH THE DAM AND WATER FLOWS TO THE EXIT. BEFORE THE EXIT OF THE TUBE, THE WATER PASSES THROUGH A TURBINE AND THE WATER MOVES THE TURBINE. AND THE TURBINE MOVES AN ELECTRIC GENERATOR. THE ELECTRIC GENERATOR IS LIKE AN ELECTRIC MOTOR BUT IN REVERSE: IF YOU MOVE IT , IT PRODUCE ENERGY.
     • Advantages
       • IS UNLIMITED. THEY DON’T POLLUTE, BECAUSE THEY DON’T PRODUCE CO2. THEY CAN BE USED TO FLOOD CONTROL.
     • Deseavantages
       • THE CONSTRUCTION MOVES A LOT OF ROCK AND NEEDS A LOT OF CONCRETE. THE FLOODING OF A WATER ARE UNDER WATER. (ITOITZ) BLOCKING THE RIVER, SO THE FISH CAN’T GO ALONG THE RIVER
   • WIND POWER
     • Wind power is air motion to electricity generation
   • SOLAR POWER
     • How does the photovoltaic energy work
       • These technology transforms ultraviolet sunlight into electricity by using two semiconductor materials. When the photon (light contain photons) hit one semiconductor, the electrons jump to the other semiconducto. These movement produce electricity.
     • Advantages
       • The sun’s rays heat the pipes and the inside of the box in general. The water gets hot because the pipe is hot.
     • Desadvantages
       • The solar cells are very expensive. We can use them on little electrical units that require not many electricity or in mobile units. for example: calculators, parking meters, road signs, satellites…