Alcohols

Alcohols

1. Combustion: excess oxygen, forms CO2 and water

   • CH3CH2OH + 3O2 --> 2CO2 + 3H2O

2. Substituion: with halogens to form haloalkanes

   • Ethanol + HCl --> chloroethane + water

3. Esterification: alcohol + carboxylic acid --> ester + water (equiibrium mixture with conc. H2SO4 catalyst)

   • Ethanol + ethanoic acid --> ethyl ethanoate + water

4. Dehydration: alcohol -> alkene + water (pumice catalyst and heat)

5. Oxidation:

   • Primary: to al to carboxylic acid
   • Secondary: to ketone
   • Acid. K2Cr2O7 or KMnO4
     • Orange to green
     • Purple to colourless

6. Reaction with Na: gives sodium alkoxide + H2

   • With NaOH: sodium alkoxide + water

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