Geography - Tourism

Geography - Tourism

1. Growth in Tourism

   • People have more disposable income so they can afford
     • Travel is cheaper
     • Holiday providers can now use the internet to sell their products which makes them cheaper
   • Improvements in travel resulting in it being quicker
     • Cities, mountains and costal areas are popular to tourists
     • Improvements in entertainment are a big pull factor for people visiting these places
   • effects of tourism on the economy
     • Creates jobs for local people
     • Increases income of businesses e.g.; restaurants and hotels

2. Uk Tourism

   • Effecting factors
     • The weather is sometimes bad which could cause a drop in visitors
     • The world econmy
       • Exchange rates
     • Terrorism and conflict
     • Big events
   • Case study/lake district national park
     • 15 million visitors a year
     • Windermere and Scafell pike
     • Coping with the impacts of tourists
       • Coping with with the erosion of footpaths by asking people to use less used footpaths in order to rest more commonly used ones
       • Coping with extra traffic by providing public transport in the area so that people can leave their cars at home
       • protecting wildlife and farmland by reminding visitors to take their litter home, use the covered bins provided, close gates behind them and keep dogs on a lead.

3. Mass tourism

   • positive impacts
     • Brings money into the local area
     • Creates jobs for local people and provides an income
     • Improved infrastructure, roads and communication
     • Money from tourism can go toward protecting the environment
   • Negative impacts
     • A lot of the income made is kept by the large travel agencies
     • Tourism jobs are often badly paid and seasonal
     • Traffic caused by tourists can sometimes inconvenience local people
     • Behaviour of tourists can offend locals
     • Transporting people such long distances can have a negative effect on the environment
       • Increased sewage can cause river pollution which can lead to the destruction of natural habitats
   • Case study/mass tourism
     • Kenya-East Africa
       • 700 000 visitors a year
       • Tribal culture
       • The Big Five
         • Rhino ,lion elephant, buffalo and leopard
       • warm climate and beautiful scenery
     • Impacts
       • Economic
         • tourism contributes to 15% of the countries gross national product, however, only 15% of the money earned goes to locals
       • Social
         • The culture of the native tribes is preserved because things such as traditional dances are often performed for locals but some tribespeople are forced off their land to create national parks for tourists
       • Environmental
         • Safari vehicles destroy vegetation, and cause soil erosion wild animals are affected and hunting behaviours change to avoid the crowds
     • Improving negative impacts
       • Activities that are less damaging than safari are being encouraged such as horseback tours climbing and white water rafting

4. Tourism in extreme environments

   • Some people want to exp[erience different things that nobody else they know has done so they opt for an extreme environment
   • Case study\antarctica
     • The coldest place on earth
     • About 14 million km2
     • Impacts
       • Posotive
         • Tourists gain an understanding of wildlife in antarctica
       • Negative
         • Tourists trample plants drop litter and disturb wildlife
         • disturb sea ecosystems that are very fragile
         • spillage of fuel from ships
     • International association of antarctic tour operators

5. Eco Tourism

   • Tourism that docent harm the environment
   • Case study/ tataquara lodge
     • Xingu river
     • Fishing, canoeing wildlife viewing and forest walks
     • The lodge is built from locally sourced materials such as straw and wood
     • which means that they do not need to cut down any trees
   • creates jobs for local people and provides a source of income