Islam Quiz Part II

Ottoman Empire
1. Sultan: meaning "overlord" or "one with power"
  1. First Sultan: Orkhan I (Osman's son)
2. Timur the Lame
  1. Halted Ottoman expansion
  2. Burned Baghdad to the ground
  3. Crushed Ottoman forces at the Battle of Ankara in 1402
3. Suleyman the Lawgiver
  1. Came to the throne in 1502 and ruled for 46 years
  2. Excellent military leader
    1. Conquered Belgrade in 1521 (was an important European city)
    2. Naval Power led to capture of Tripoli (N. Africa)
    3. 1526 moved into Hungary and Austrian conquering
  3. Social Organization
    1. Government
      1. Law Code
        Handled both criminal and civil actions
      2. Taxes simplified and limited
      3. Reduced and systemized bureaucracy
    2. Soldiers
      1. Devshirme
        Drafting of boys from the peoples of conquered Christian territories to form an elite, Islamic fighting force
      2. Janisseries
        Elite force trained to be loyal to the sultan
        Heart of the Ottoman war machine
Safavid Empire
1. A Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled in Iran from the 1500s to the 1700s
  1. Cultural Blending
    1. Persia / Ottoman / Arab Blend
  2. Squeezed between the Sunni Mughal Empire and Ottoman Empire
2. Isma'il
  1. Consolidated power from crumbling Ottoman Empire
  2. 12 years old
  3. Shah
    1. Title of the monarch of Iran
3. Shah Abbas
  1. Claimed throne in 1587
  2. Golden Age of Safavid Empire
  3. Cultural Blending
    1. Government
      1. Hired foreigners for high positions
      2. Esfahan Capital
        Showplace for many artisans
    2. Religion
      1. Convinced Europeans of Religious Tolerance by bringing in Christians
        Lead to increase in Europeans moving to Safavid Empire
    3. Artistry
      1. Carpets
        Huge demand for Persian rugs led to the industry becoming national rather than local
      2. Artwork
        Chinese and Safavids created metalwork, glasswork, mini paintings, calligraphy
    4. Military
      1. Persian
      2. Christians from the North
Mughal Empire
1. Babur
  1. Expanding the Empire
    1. Built army
    2. Expanded into India
    3. His son lost all territory
  2. Leadership
    1. Led 12,000 troops to victory against 100,000
    2. Unified & Established Mughal Empire
2. Akbar
  1. Expanding the Empire
    1. Hired rajputs as military officers
  2. Leadership
    1. Military = Root Of Power
  3. Cultural Blending
    1. Continued Religious Freedom
    2. Married Hindu Princesses and did not make them convert
    3. Did not tax any non-Muslims
    4. Hired Spanish Jesuit tutor for his son
    5. Foreigners could hold office
    6. Urdu: Pakistan official language
3. Shah Jahan
  1. Government
    1. Assassinated all possible rivals
    2. Taxed people during famine for wars and beautifying the city
  2. Built Taj Mahal
4. Aurangzeb
  1. Expansion
    1. Expanded empire to greatest sides
    2. Lost small territories to rebellions
  2. Leadership
    1. Taxed non-Muslims
    2. Removed non-Muslims from government
    3. Lost power to bordering states
    4. Strong military leader
  3. Cultural Blending
    1. Took away Hindu jobs
    2. non Muslim tax
    3. Imposed Muslim laws
    4. Destroyed Hindu monuments
    5. Took away drink & gambling

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Islam Quiz Part II

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