Islam Quiz Part II

Islam Quiz Part II

1. Ottoman Empire

   • Sultan: meaning "overlord" or "one with power"
     • First Sultan: Orkhan I (Osman's son)
   • Timur the Lame
     • Halted Ottoman expansion
     • Burned Baghdad to the ground
     • Crushed Ottoman forces at the Battle of Ankara in 1402
   • Suleyman the Lawgiver
     • Came to the throne in 1502 and ruled for 46 years
     • Excellent military leader
       • Conquered Belgrade in 1521 (was an important European city)
       • Naval Power led to capture of Tripoli (N. Africa)
       • 1526 moved into Hungary and Austrian conquering
     • Social Organization
       • Government
         • Law Code
           • Handled both criminal and civil actions
         • Taxes simplified and limited
         • Reduced and systemized bureaucracy
       • Soldiers
         • Devshirme
           • Drafting of boys from the peoples of conquered Christian territories to form an elite, Islamic fighting force
         • Janisseries
           • Elite force trained to be loyal to the sultan
           • Heart of the Ottoman war machine

2. Safavid Empire

   • A Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled in Iran from the 1500s to the 1700s
     • Cultural Blending
       • Persia / Ottoman / Arab Blend
     • Squeezed between the Sunni Mughal Empire and Ottoman Empire
   • Isma'il
     • Consolidated power from crumbling Ottoman Empire
     • 12 years old
     • Shah
       • Title of the monarch of Iran
   • Shah Abbas
     • Claimed throne in 1587
     • Golden Age of Safavid Empire
     • Cultural Blending
       • Government
         • Hired foreigners for high positions
         • Esfahan Capital
           • Showplace for many artisans
       • Religion
         • Convinced Europeans of Religious Tolerance by bringing in Christians
           • Lead to increase in Europeans moving to Safavid Empire
       • Artistry
         • Carpets
           • Huge demand for Persian rugs led to the industry becoming national rather than local
         • Artwork
           • Chinese and Safavids created metalwork, glasswork, mini paintings, calligraphy
       • Military
         • Persian
         • Christians from the North

3. Mughal Empire

   • Babur
     • Expanding the Empire
       • Built army
       • Expanded into India
       • His son lost all territory
     • Leadership
       • Led 12,000 troops to victory against 100,000
       • Unified & Established Mughal Empire
   • Akbar
     • Expanding the Empire
       • Hired rajputs as military officers
     • Leadership
       • Military = Root Of Power
     • Cultural Blending
       • Continued Religious Freedom
       • Married Hindu Princesses and did not make them convert
       • Did not tax any non-Muslims
       • Hired Spanish Jesuit tutor for his son
       • Foreigners could hold office
       • Urdu: Pakistan official language
   • Shah Jahan
     • Government
       • Assassinated all possible rivals
       • Taxed people during famine for wars and beautifying the city
     • Built Taj Mahal
   • Aurangzeb
     • Expansion
       • Expanded empire to greatest sides
       • Lost small territories to rebellions
     • Leadership
       • Taxed non-Muslims
       • Removed non-Muslims from government
       • Lost power to bordering states
       • Strong military leader
     • Cultural Blending
       • Took away Hindu jobs
       • non Muslim tax
       • Imposed Muslim laws
       • Destroyed Hindu monuments
       • Took away drink & gambling