RINGS ACIDS AND AMINES

RINGS ACIDS AND AMINES

1. BENZENE

   • Evidence of structure
     • Kekulé structure
     • X ray crystallography
     • Enthalpy changes of hydrogenation
   • Delocalised model
     • planar hexagonal
     • each C bonded to 2 other C
     • TRIGONAL PLANAR SHAPE (120 degrees) around each carbon
     • 4th outer electron in 2p orbital above+below plane of each C
     • each p subshell overlaps sideways against adjacent subshells - network of pi bonds form above+below plane of molecule
   • doesnt decolourise bromine water
   • doesn't react with strong acids or halogens
   • doesn't take part in SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS

2. NITROGENATION OF BENZENE

   • NO
   • Reflux

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