Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Paper & Board
- Production of Wood pulp
- Mechanical
- Coniferous Trees ground down
- Softens lignin, separating fibres
- Groundwood pulp
- bleached with peroxide or sodium hydroxide
- low-grade paper
- newspaper
- Chemical
- De-barked hard and softwood
- Cut to 2cm chips
- stored & treated
- acid or alkali
- break down lignin
- Less fibre produced
- longer
- stronger
- fewer impurities
- Alkaline kraft process
- Cooks wood
- Sulphate process
- Waste
- Recycled paper and board
- mixed with virgin fibres
- Bonding agents
- coloured pigments
- different qualities
- better surface finish
- sizing agents
- water resistance
- Foundrinier Process
- Wet end
- 99% water
- 1% fibre
- slurry pumped from head box to wire belt
- vibrates to drain
- fibres interweave
- raised gauze
- watermark
- high-quality writing paper
- Calender section
- rollers
- uniform thickness
- pressure determines finish
- wound onto web
- Press section
- rollers/nip pressers
- wring out water
- rough paper
- adjusted for thickness
- 160gsm+ is card
- Dryer section
- steam heated rollers
- removes moisture
- water content
- 4-6%
- starches & resigns
- enhance properties
- Look at book table for different types of paper (pg32-33)
- weight and size
- mertic 'A' sizes
- gsm (grams per square metre
- 220gsm+
- board
- card and board
- micrometres (microns)
- cartonboards
- Retail packaging
- high-speed/high-quality
- printing
- cutting
- creasing
- gluing