Edexcel GCSE Triple Science - Antibodies

Edexcel GCSE Triple Science - Antibodies

1. Monoclonal Antibodies are antibodies that carry useful chemical markers or treatments.

2. A set of monoclonal antibodies are identical because they are produced in large quantities from the same hybridoma cells.

3. B lymphocyte from mouse - advantage: makes particular antibodies continuously - disadvantage: B lymphocytes don't divide.

4. Cancer cell - advantage: divides continuously - disadvantage: doesn't make antibodies.

5. Hybridoma cells formed by fusing a B lymphocyte and a cancer cell - the hydridoma cell divides and produces antibodies that are all the same.

6. Monoclonal antibodies can be used: in pregnancy tests to identify if the pregnancy hormone is present in urine - to stick blood clots or cancer cells so they can be detected and treated.

7. Drug and radiotherapy treatments for cancer cannot be targeted precisely and can damage other cells in the body. Using monoclonal antibodies to deliver drugs to target cells means that only the target cells are affected and smaller amounts of the drugs are used.