population case studies

population case studies

1. Management

   • China's one child policy (1979)
     • Advantages
       • Prevented 300 million births
     • Disadvantages
       • Little emperor syndrome
       • Patriarchal society and boys needed for workforce-girls killed
         • Gender imbalance
           • 118 boys: 100 girls
       • Invasion of privacy
       • Late/forced abortions
       • Ageing population
     • Policy
       • free birth control/family planning advice
       • cash bonuses, improved housing and free education/healthcare
       • Financial penalties for those who didn't comply
     • Changes
       • Abolished in 2015
       • Countryside families allowed 2 children if first is a girl
       • Parents who were only children themselves allowed to have another child
       • Multiple births (twins) doubled
   • Singapore's pro-natal policy
     • Singapore gained independence in 1963
     • 5th richest country
     • 3rd lowest fertility rate (1.28)
       • 1960: policy introduced where women encouraged to have just 2 children
       • 1970s: rapid economic growth
         • More women educated & joined workforce= later marriages, fewer births , more single people
           • INCENTIVES
             • Extended paid maternity leave (from 2 months to 3)
             • Parents given tax rebates
             • Employees with children under 7 given 2 days childcare leave per yr
     • FAILED
       • Women put careers before motherhood
       • Expense of raising children
       • Successful family planning programmes= access to contraception
     • RESPONSES
       • Love festivals
       • fertility seminars
   • Transmigration: Indonesia
     • 1980s: 3 mil migrated from densely populated islands e.g. Java/Bali to underpopulated outer islands e.g. Maluku
       • Disadvantages
         • Many transmigrants returned- Java's pop has increased rapidly. Scheme provided little relief.
         • Increased national debt
           • Resettlement= $7000 per family
         • Friction between migrants & indigenous population
     • Advantages
       • Alleviated poverty due to government
         • living allowance for first 18 months
         • transport
         • farming plot
         • housing
       • Balanced demographic development

2. Change

   • Tower Hamlets (inner city)
     • Youthful
       • 48% aged 20-39 (nat ave= 26%)
       • Lowest proportion of over 60s in England & Wales
     • Multicultural
       • Schools= 90% Bangladeshi
       • 33% Bangladeshi
         • 32% White British
     • Increasing population
       • Increase of 35% between 2004 & 2014- largest increase in England & Wales
     • wealth
       • 20% of employment= low paid
   • Purbeck (rural)
     • Characteristics
       • Natural decrease in population
         • death rate: 11.9
         • Birth rate: 10.1
       • Age
         • 46% over 45 (6% above nat. average)
           • Retirees migrate here
         • Life expectancy: 86 (4 yrs above nat average)
         • Dependency ratio: 60%
       • Ethnicity
         • 98.8% white
       • Increasing house prices
         • retirees
         • commuters
         • 2nd homes
     • Wealth
       • Average income: £640 pw (nat average=£540)
     • Services
       • exercise classes
       • meals delivered
       • transportation
       • declining