Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Anatomy and Physiology
- Skeletal System
- Which is
divided into
- Axial skeleton
(80 bones)
- Comprised
of
- Vertabral Column
(Spine)
- Composed of vertabre
- Cervical,
Thoracic,
Lumbar
- Connects to skull
- Skull
- Frontal, Occipital, etc
- Rib Cage
- originates from thoracic spine
- Protects CNS
- Appendicular skeleton
(126 bones)
- Name originates from the
Latin root, appendix
- Comprised of
- Movable limbs
- E.g., Legs,
Arms,
Forarms
- Gridles
- E.g., Shoulder gridle
- Supports the axial skeleton
- Bones
- Attached by
- Joints
- 3
Types
- Fibrous
- Allow no movement
- Cartilogenous
- Allow some movement
- Synovial
- Allow movement
- 6
types
- Ball-and-socket
- Gliding,
Hinge,
etc.
- Pivot
- 5
types
- Long
- Produce Erithrocytes
- In medullary cavity
- E.g., Femur
- Short, etc
- E.g., Trapezoid
- Flat
- Irregular
- e.g., Scapula,
Pelvis
- composed of
- 50% Water
- Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, etc.
- comprised of
- Osteoblasts
- Bone-building cells
- Osteoclasts
- Bone-decomposing cell
- Osteocytes
- Bone cells
- End with Cartilage
- Protects the body
- Allows movements
- Stores calcium
- Produces
cells
- Muscular
system
- Divided into groups
- Allow movements
- e.g. Biceps Femor,
deltoid, flexor digitorum
- Support the posture
and stabileze the body
- e.g., Erectus Spinae, Rectus
and Transversus Abdominis,
- Muscles
- 3 Types
- Skeletal
- Attach to
bones
- Trough tendons
- At major landmarks
- E.g., Scapular
Spine, Deltoid
Tuberosity
- Cardiac
- Contain many
Mitocondria
- More energy
- found only
in heart
- Smooth
- Muscle belly
- Epimysium
- Perimysium
- Endomysium
- Muscle Fibre (Cell)
- Sarcolemma
- Sarcomere
- Thick Filament
- Thin Filamnet
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Contract only
- 3 Types
- Concentric
- Isometric
- Eccentric
- Muscles contract when thick filament
pull on thin filaments, something
called sliding filament theory
- Triggered through the
release of Calcium Ions
- From
- Uses ATP
- =
- ADP
- +
- Inorganic
Phosphorus
- +
- Energy
- Moves through the cooperation
of opposing muscles
- Antagonist muslce
- Relaxes to allow the agonist
muscle to contract
- Agonist muscle
- Contracts to make
the movement
- e.g., Biceps trachii &
triceps trachii
- Injuries
- E.g.
- Fracture
- 3
Types
- Simple
- Without damage to the
surrounding tissue
- Compound
- Damage to the
skin/surrounding tissues is
present
- Comminuted
- Crushed into many
small pieces
- Tendonities
- Osteoartritis
- Dislocation
- Separation
- Movements
- Standart anatomical position
- e.g., Adduction/Abduction
- Part of body moves
closer/farther to the body
- e.g., Flexion/Extension
- Joint angle
decreases/increases
- Occur
- Around axis
- e.g., horizontal,
anterioposterior,
Longitudinal
- Through
Planes
- e.g., Sagittal, Frontal,
Transverse