ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS

1. An electric circuit

   • definition
     • pathway for the flow of electrons
   • Parts
     • Which are connected by wires
       • Generators
         • Provides the energy that electrons need in order to move
       • Loads
         • Devices that transform electrical energy into other types of energy that we can use
         • Types
           • Light bulbs
           • Motors
           • Resistors
           • Bells
     • Switching devices
       • Are used to direct and interrupt the flow of electric current
       • types
         • Switches
         • Push bottons
         • 3 -way switches
   • Diagram and symbols

2. Electrical quantities

   • Voltage or potential difference
     • The amount of energy that a generator transfer to electrons
     • Is measured in volts (V)
   • Measuring an electric current
     • I=Q/t
       • Electric current (I)
         • The charge or number of electrons that flow through the cross-section of a conductor every second
         • It is mesured in amps(A)
   • Electrical resistance
     • Ohm´s law
       • V=I·R
   • Electrical energy and power
     • Electric power
       • P=V·I
       • E=P·T

3. Types of circuits

   • Series circuit
     • It is formed when the output of an element provides the imput for the next element
       • V=V1+V2+V3...
       • R=R1+R2+R3...
   • Parallel circuit
     • It is formed when various components share the same input and output
       • I/R=1/R1+1/R2+1/R1...
       • V=V1=V2=V3...
   • Combination circuit
     • It has some elements connected in series and some others in parallel

4. Types of current

   • Alternating current
     • Features
       • The flow of electrons changes direction 50 times per second
       • The electrons behave in a very different way
       • The electric current is not always the same
   • Direct current
     • Features
       • There is a continuous, stable flow of energy
       • The electrons always flow in the same direction and with the same current

5. Electronics

   • Electronic components
     • Fixed resistance or resistor
   • Capacitors
     • Definition
       • Components that can store an electrical charge
     • Features
       • Its value indicates the charge in volts that it can store
       • Components that can store an electrical charge
   • Diodes
     • Definition
       • Electronic component made from semiconductor materials
     • Features
       • It only allows electric current to flow in one direction

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