Lesson 1

Lesson 1

1. Verb stems already ending with ㄹ at the end (놀다, 멀다, 살다) are followed just by 거예요.

   • “I’m going to go tomorrow.” is 내일 갈 거예요. in the future tense. But even if you say 내일 가요. which is in the present tense, it still makes perfect sense,
     • 어디에서 만날 거예요 easeo and ae needs to be cleared

2. Lesson 2

   • “사과를” - even if you don’t say the verb, you know that 사과 is going to be the OBJECT of the verb
     • So you can predict the verbs to an extent - “eat an apple, buy an apple, sell an apple, find an apple, throw an apple, draw an apple, etc.”
     • when the object word is far away from the verb, the relation or the connection between the words are weakened, so you need the particle to be used to make the meaning clear.
   • 사과가” - you know that 사과 is going to be the SUBJECT of the verb.
     • You can predict the verbs here as well - “the apple is good, is bad, is expensive, will be big, was small, can be good for health, etc.”
   • “ 사과는” - you know that the speaker is going to say something about 사과 in comparison to other things or bring up the topic of 사과 for the first time.
   • Lesson 3
     • 그리고 [geu-ri-go] has the meaning of “and” and “and then”, depending on the context. 그리고 is used both for linking nouns and phrases, but in colloquial situations, 그리고 is more commonly used for linking phrases.
       • 친구를 만났어요. 그리고 밥을 먹었어요.
       • (이)랑 [(i)rang] = and ** If a noun ends in a vowel, you use 랑 after it and if it ends with a final consonant, you use 이랑, to make it easier to pronounce. ** (이)랑 and 하고 are almost always interchangeable, but (이)랑 is more colloquial and casual, so (이)랑 is not very commonly used in very formal settings.
         • Another meaning of 하고 and (이)랑 Both 하고 and (이)랑 are used to mean “and” and connect nouns, but depending on the context, it can also mean “with”. And it is usually very easy to tell which meaning it takes. 친구하고 영화 봤어요. [chin-gu-ha-go yeong-hwa bwa-sseo-yo] = I saw a movie with a friend.
           • If you want to make your meaning much more clear, you can add the word 같이 [ga-chi] after 하고 or (이)랑. 같이 means “together” so 하고 같이 or (이)랑 같이 means “together with”. So while 친구하고 영화 봤어요. makes perfect sense, if you say 친구하고 같이 영화 봤어 요, it’s even better. The same goes for 누구랑 갔어요? and 누구랑 같이 갔어요?
             • 영주: 어제 홍대하고 신촌에 갔어요.= I went to 홍대 and 신촌 yesterday.
               • 경미: 남자친구하고 데이트할 거예요.= I’m going to go on a date with my boyfriend.
                 • 경미: 매운 거랑 단 거 좋아해요. = I like spicy foods and sweet foods.
                   • 석진: 대통령하고 춤을 출 거예요 = I’m going to dance with the President.
                     • 석진: 선생님하고 밥을 먹을 거예요. = I’m going to eat with my teacher.
                       • 영주: 내일 선생님하고 경복궁에 갈 거예요 = I’m going to go to 경복 Palace with my teacher tomorrow
     • 그래서 [geu-rae-seo] has the meaning of “therefore” and “so”, and just like in English, you can use this word between two sentences to show a logical relation between the two or more sentences.
       • 오늘은 비가 왔어요. 그래서 집에 있었어요.
     • Lesson 4
       • 월요일 [wo-ryo-il] = Monday 화요일 [hwa-yo-il] = Tuesday 수요일 [su-yo-il] = Wednesday 목요일 [mo-gyo-il] = Thursday 금요일 [geu-myo-il] = Friday 토요일 [to-yo-il] = Saturady 일요일 [i-ryo-il] = Sunday
       • Lesson 5
         • If you want to contrast two sentences and say “A + but + B” you can choose to use either 그렇지만 or 그런데.
           • 그런데 is much more commonly used than 그렇지만, and 그렇지만 is more commonly used in written language.
         • If you want to introduce two actions or states that occurred one after another, and if the first sentence works as background information for the second sentence, only use 그런데.
           • Until yesterday, we were friends. But from today, we are dating each other.
         • Lesson 6
           • To say “to someone” or “from someone”, you can use the words 한테 [han-te] and 한테서
             • 에게 and 에게서 are mainly used in written language
             • 한테 [han-te] = “to” someone, “from” someone 한테서 [han-te-seo] = “from” someone
               • you can only use them about people. You can not use these words about objects or places.
                 • 친구한테서 [chin-gu-han-te-seo] = from a friend 누구한테서 [nu-gu-han-te-seo] = from whom
                 • ** When used with a verb that already expresses a passive voice, 한테 can mean “by” as well. For example, 맞다 [mat-da] means “to be correct” but in another meaning, it can be “to be beaten” or “to be hit”. So A에게 맞다 can be translated as “to be beaten by A”.
           • LEVEL 2 LESSON 7 samples! ^_^
           • Lesson 7
             • ** N o’clock sharp is expressed with the word 정각 [jeong-gak]. ** Instead of 30분 [sam-sip-bun] you can say 반 [ban], meaning “half”.
               • 지금 몇 시예요?] = What time is it now?
                 • 오늘 몇 시에 친구를 만나요? = What time do you meet your friend today?
             • Lesson 8
               • 자루 [ja-ru] is also used for counting pens, bags containing grains, and also knives. So instead of using the word 자루 all the time for 연필, many Korean people just use the general counter for things, which is 개 [gae].
                 • 대 is much more frequently for car
                   • 명 people
                     • 열한 개, 열두 개, 열세 개, 열네 개, 열다섯 개, 열여섯 개, 열일곱 개, 열여덟 개, 열아홉 개, 스무 개
                       • 11 to 20
                       • From 21 to 30 스무 개, 스물한 개, 스물두 개, 스물세 개, 스물네 개, 스물다섯 개, 스물여섯 개, 스물일곱 개, 스물여덟 개, 스물아홉 개, 서른 개
                         • 21 to 30
               • how many (things) = 몇 [myeot] + 개 [gae] = 몇 개
               • For people, however, the word for ‘people’ or ‘person’ itself, which is 사람 [sa-ram] is used as well, when you are just generally referring to a relatively small number of people, without specifying who they are.
                 • Q: How many people are there? A: There are 10 people. = Q: 몇 명 있어요? = A: 10명 있어요
               • 효성: 다 먹고 세 개 남았어요. = I ate everything and there are three left. 다 [da] = all 남다 = to remain, to be left