Lesson 15

Lesson 15

1. By changing verbs into nouns, [verb stem + -는 것] can take many different meanings. 1. “doing” something 2. the act of “doing” something 3. the thing that you “do” 4. what you “do”

   • 산 것 = what you bought 사는 것 = what you buy 살 것 = what you will buy 먹은 것 = what you ate 먹는 것 = what you eat 먹을 것 = what you will eat
     • -는 것 vs -는 거

2. Lesson 16

   • --> 쓰 + “-어” + -야 되다/하다 (You choose “-어” because 쓰 doesn’t end in “ㅏ” or “ㅗ”) --> 써야 되다/하다 (쓰 + 어 together change to ‘써’) --> 써야 되다 and 써야 하다 mean the same thing.
     • 1. 집에 가야 돼요. [ji-be ga-ya dwae-yo.] = I have to go home. 2. 저는 뭐 해야 돼요? [jeo-neun mwo hae-ya dwae-yo?] = What should I do?
   • Lesson 17
     • How to say “than” in Korean: The word for “than” or “compared to” is 보다 [bo-da]. The basic construction for this is not very complicated, but the word order in Korean is completely different from English. Let us compare the two. English: A watermelon is bigger than an apple. Korean: 수박은 사과보다 더 커요. [su-ba-geun sa-gwa-bo-da keo-yo.]
       • 1) to be big = 크다 [keu-da] to be bigger = 더 크다 [deo keu-da] It’s bigger. = 더 커요. [deo keo-yo.] It’s bigger than this one. 이거보다 더 커요.
       • 5. 저는 책을 읽는 것보다 사는 것을 더 좋아해요. = I like buying books more than reading books.
         • 4. 현정 씨가 저보다 더 잘 해요. Hyeonjeong is better than me (at doing that).
           • 3. 어제보다 일찍 갈 거예요. = I’m going to go earlier than yesterday.
     • Lesson 18
       • 5) 동방신기를 좋아해요. 6) 동방신기가 좋아해요.
         • Sentence number 5 means that you (or someone else) like DBSK. And (IMPORTANT!) sentence number 6 means that DBSK likes something or someone. The subject of the sentence is DBSK, so you need to add what it is that DBSK likes.
       • 좋다 is not a verb that can have an object.
         • 3. 뭐가 제일 좋아요?
           • What is your favorite?
           • 뭐를 제일 좋아해요?
             • What do you like best?
             • 5. 저 좋아하세요? [jeo jo-a-ha-se-yo?] = Do you like me? Are you in love with me?
       • Lesson 19
         • 1. Verb stems ending with a vowel + -면 Ex) 자다 --> 자면 (if you sleep) 2. Verb stems ending with ㄹ + -면 Ex) 길다 --> 길면 (if it’s long) 3. Verb stems ending with consonants other than ㄹ + -으면 Ex) 작다 --> 작으면 (if it’s small)
           • 보면 [bo-myeon] = if you watch it, if I watch it 봤으면 [bwa-sseu-myeon] = if I watched it, if they watched it 볼 거면 [bol geo-myeon] = if you are going to watch it
           • You can add the -았/었/였 suffix before -으면 to make a past-tense clause
             • You can even make it into the future tense by using -(으)ㄹ 거면.
         • Lesson 20
           • 아직 안 왔어요? = He’s not here yet? 네, 아직도 안 왔어요. = No, he’s still not here.
           • 벌써 왔어요? [beol-sseo wa-sseo-yo?] = Oh, you are already here!
           • 그 사람은 벌써 학교를 졸업했어요! [geu sa-ram-eun beol-sseo hak-gyo-reul jo-reo-pae-sseo-yo.] = He already graduated from school.
             • found this fact recently
           • 그 사람은 이미 학교를 졸업했어요. [geu sa-ram-eun i-mi hak-gyo-reul jo-reo-pae-sseo-yo.] = He already graduated from school.
             • You (and probably also the other person) have known about this fact since long before you say this sentence.)
           • Lesson 21
             • lesson 25 level 2
             • Lesson 23
               • 2. 도와 줄 수 있어요? [do-wa jul su i-sseo-yo?] = Can you help me? 3. 배 고파요. 김밥 사 주세요. [bae go-pa-yo. gim-bap sa ju-se-yo.] = I’m hungry. Buy me some kimbap. 4. 무서워요. 같이 가 주세요. [mu-seo-wo-yo. ga-chi ga ju-se-yo.] = I’m scared. Please go with me.
                 • it’s not very natural to say “저를 도우세요!” (from the irregular verb, 돕다, to help) when you mean “Help me!”. You need to say “저를 도와 주세요” or just “도와 주세요” to sound more natural.
               • Lesson 22
                 • When a verb stem ends with the last consonant ㄹ, you drop the ㄹ and add -세요. 팔다 [pal-da] = to sell 팔 --> 파 + 세요 = 파세요 [pa-se-yo] = Please sell it.
                 • Lesson 24
                   • -(으)로 can mark the ingredients that an object is made of, the cause of a disease or something that happened, the direction in which someone is going, or the status or identity of a person that is doing something.
                     • 5. 2번 출구로 나오세요. [i-beon chul-gu-ro na-o-se-yo.] = Come out through exit number 2.
                     • 1. 이거 뭐로 만들었어요? [i-geo mwo-ro man-deu-reo-sseo-yo?] = What did you make this with? = What is this made of?
                     • 2. 오늘 택시로 왔어요? [o-neul taek-si-ro wa-sseo-yo?] = Did you come by taxi today?
                     • 3. 버스로 갈 거예요. [beo-seu-ro gal geo-ye-yo.] = I’m going to go by bus.
                     • 4. 저를 친구로 생각해요? [jeo-reul chin-gu-ro saeng-ga-kae-yo?] = Do you think of me as a friend?
                   • Lesson 25incomplete
                     • - 더 [deo] = more - 다 [da] = all, entirely, whole
                       • For many sentences where English speakers will use adjectives and nouns, Korean speakers use adverbs and verbs. This often becomes a challenge for translators and interpreters, but keeping this in mind will help you understand how to form more natural sentences in Korean.
                     • Lesson 26
                       • 말다 [mal-da] = to quit doing, to not do, to stop doing
                         • When you use the -(으)세요 ending for this word, it becomes 마세요 [ma-se-yo] but, when you want to combine 마세요 with other verbs and say “don’t do” something, you need to add the suffix -지 [-ji] after the verb stem.
                           • 2. 웃지 마세요. [ut-ji ma-se-yo.] = Don’t laugh.