Zusammenfassung der Ressource
B) Deontology
- Can test moral actions
- Categorical Imperatives
- Persuasive and reliable
- Absolute moral theory
- unchanging principle
- not confusing
- Charles Fried - that which is permissible
Anmerkungen:
- 'After having avoided wrong and doing one's duty, an infinity of choices are left to be made.'
- No complicated calculations
- opposition to Utilitarianism
- less risk and uncertainty
- Humanitarian principle
- basis for human rights
- absolutist - no exceptions
- Shelly Kagan
Anmerkungen:
- the theory 'imposes restraints on our moral behaviour.' - restrict from following moral intuition
- duties conflict - no guidance
- e.g. government sacrifice soldiers for majority
- W D Ross - bridge some gaps
- more applicable 21st cent
- but contradicts Kant
- Universibility
- redutio ad absurdum
- "All boys called Frank wear green shoes..."
- William K Frankena
Anmerkungen:
- "There is more to the moral point of view than being willing to universalise one's rules."
- Naturalistic Fallacy
- Hume - Is/ought gap
- removes sympathy and emotion
- Singer
Anmerkungen:
- It is only when a person loses all sympathy with the fate of others and is not moved by intimations that an action has its genuine moral worth."
- 'moral fanaticism' - closed system
- dangerous
- elevation of perceived duty above all consideration of humanity
- e.g. freedom fighters
Anmerkungen:
- Pharisees "You give God a tenth of your mint but you neglect justice and love of God. You should have practiced the latter without leaving the former undone."
- e.g. Adolf Eichmann - Nazi SS officer
- Conclusion
- logical and reasoned
- limited and rigid
- Schopenhauer
Anmerkungen:
- 'cold and inhumane' - practical and arrive at conclusions that work in real world.
- disagree - reason not separate from desire
- guided by intuition