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WAVES

1. WHAT ARE WAVES?

   • Waves transfer energy from one point to another without transferring matter. They consist of disturbances which transfer the energy in the direction the wave travels without transferring matter.

2. TYPES OF WAVES.

   • TRANSVERSE
     • Transverse waves are wave in which the vibrations of the particles or medium in which the wave travels are at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels.
     • Transverse waves consist of high parts or peaks called crests and low parts called troughs.
     • The distance between two successive crests or two successive troughs is the wavelength for a transverse wave. The height of the crest from the undisturbed water position or the depth of the trough from the undisturbed water position is the amplitude of the wave.
   • LONGITUDINAL
     • Longitudinal waves are wave in which the vibrations of the particles or medium in which the wave travels are in the same direction as to that in which the wave travels.
     • Energy is passed along the air molecules by the lengthways vibration of the air molecules. Thus the air molecules only move to and fro or forwards and backwards in the direction of travel of the wave.
     • The sound energy is transferred from one molecule to another and so travels along the wave.
       • A sound wave is a longitudinal wave. It is made up of regions where the air molecules are close together and have a higher particle density known as compressions and of regions where the air molecules are farther apart and have a low particle density called rarefactions
       • In a sound wave the region of compression is at a slightly higher pressure due to the air molecules being pushed together whereas the region of rarefaction is at a slightly lower pressure as the air molecules are farther apart.
     • The wavelength of a longitudinal wave is the distance between successive compressions or the distance between successive rarefactions.

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