Chapter 9: Applying the Personalization Principle

Chapter 9: Applying the Personalization Principle

1. Principle 1: Use Conversational Style Rather Than Formal Style

   • Psychological Reasons:
     • Adheres more to the cognitive processes of the learner
     • Socially engaging for the learner
   • Promote Through Voice Quality:
     • Learn better from narration with a human voice vs. a machine voice
   • Promote Through Polite Speech
     • Politness Theory
     • Suggest do not demand

2. Principle 2: Use Effective On-Screen Coaches to Promote Learning

   • Pedagogical Agents
     • Guide learning process during instructional Episode
   • Appearance
     • Do not need realistic human-like appearance
     • Need realistic human-like behavior
   • Voice
     • Much greater effectiveness when text is spoken
     • Should be in standard accent
   • Gender/Ethnicity
     • Do not start personalizing too much: Becomes Distracting
     • For instruction not entertainment

3. Principle 3: Make the Author Visible to Promote Learning

   • Visible Author
     • Reveals Information about themselves
     • Highlights their personal perspectives
   • Psychological Reasons:
     • Seen as a visible guide through a difficult domain
     • Learner feels like they are having a conversation with the author