Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Mutation
- Gene Mutation
- Duplication
- Occur when any number of nucleotides are copied and then inserted into original nucleotide sequence
thus increase the size of normal DNA sequence.
- Inversion
- Reversal of a portion of a nucleotide sequence.
- Deletion
- Loss of a nucleotide from original base cause reducing the size of the DNA sequence.
- Insertion
- Insertion or deletion of base pair in DNA sequence cause frameshift mutation.
- Substitution
- Missense
- Code for a different amino acid that affect the activity of the protein.
- Silence
- The substitution not change the amino acid ( no effect)
- Nonsense
- Cause stop codon and will alter the function of the gene product.
- One nucleotide replaced with another nucleotide.
- Chromosomal Mutation
- Chromosomal Abberation
- Translocation
- Intrachromosomal
- Within the chromosomes
- Interchromosomal
- Between chromosomes
- Movement of part of a chromosome to another part
- Deletion
- Loss of chromosomal fragment that
contain certain genes.
- Inversion
- Paracentric (Not include centromere)
- Pericentric (Include
centromere)
- Change of direction of a chromosomal segment
- Duplication
- The doubling of one or several chromosomal fragments
- Alteration of Chromosomal Number
- Aneuploidy
- Extra or missing of one or more number of chromosome in normal set of individual
(2n+1, 2n+2, 2n-1, 2n-2 etc)
- Euploidy
- Due to duplication of normal set of chromosome (3n, 4n, 5n
etc)
- Changes in genes or chromosomes that may produce a new trait that
can be inherited
- Causes
- Induced mutation
- Mutagen, substances
cause a higher rate of
mutation.
- Spontaneous mutation
- Low level natural mutagens