Ohne Titel

Loftus & Palmer

1. Study 2

2. Aim

   • same as study 1
   • and the additional aim to see if the verbal label did really distort memory rather than it being DC

3. Variables

   • IV
     • Changing the verb
   • DV
     • whether the answer to the question was Yes/No

4. Conditions

   • Smashed
     • Hit
       • Control
         • used so that they have comparison from the other groups to something they keep the same
           • to prove that the verb was the changing their memory

5. Procedure

   • Stage 1
     • a one minute film was shown which contained a 4 second multiple car accident, they were then given a questionnaire (asked them to describe the accident and to answer a set of questions about the incident)
       • the participants were divided into 3 groups of 50
         • CQ: G1
           • "How fast were the cars going when they HIT each other?"
         • CQ: G2
           • "How fast were the cars going when they SMASHED into each other?"
         • CQ: G3
           • NO QUESTION about the speed of the cars
   • Stage 2
     • one week later, all the participants (without seeing the film again) completed another questionnaire about the accident which contained a further critical question
       • "Did you see any BROKEN GLASS?" - Yes/No
         • there had been NO BROKEN GLASS in the original film
         • all asked
         • Critical Question

6. Results

   • Condition
     • SMASHED
       • HIT
         • CONTROL
           • 6/50
             • 44
         • 7/50
           • 43
       • 16/50
         • 34
   • YES to CQ
   • NO to CQ
   • Conclusions
     • more participants in the SMASHED condition than either of the other groups reported SEEING BROKEN GLASS. the majority of participants in each group correctly recalled that they had NOT SEEN ANY BROKEN GLASS
     • EWT is not very reliable
     • People are not good at visually judging spped
     • the verb in the CQ influenced the memory of the participants
       • this was shown through the control group obtaining different results - lower

7. Participants

   • used 150 DIFFERENT STUDENTS
     • because the others had already seen/ done the test - more likely to obtain DC