Chapter 4: Neural Basis of Learning & Memory

Chapter 4: Neural Basis of Learning & Memory

1. neural plasticity

   • ability of the brain's neural structure or function to be changed by experience
     • structure
       • appearance
         • neurons change shape
     • function
       • what they do
         • more/less neurotransmitters, receptors and synaptic buttons
     • motor and sensory areas of the brain have greater plasticity

2. synaptic plasticity

   • ability of the synapse to change overtime
     • strengthening
     • weakening

3. Hebb's rule

   • suggested learning involves the establishment and strengthening of neural connections at the synapse
     • when neurons are active at the same time, they develop a stronger connection, making them more likely to fire together again
   • FIRE TOGETHER, WIRE TOGETHER

4. long-lasting changes in synaptic strength

   • LTP = long-term potentiation
     • strengthening of synaptic connections
       • results in enhanced or more effective synaptic transmission
       • the more we use a pathway, the easier the information is to retrieved
   • LTD = long-term depression
     • weakening of synaptic connections
       • the less we use the pathway, the harder the information is to recall
       • IF YOU DON'T USE IT, YOU LOSE IT

5. neurohormones

   • chemical messengers that are released by axon terminals
     • absorbed into bloodstream
       • carried to target cells

6. neurotransmitters

   • enable connections
   • released into the synaptic gap

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