Urbanisation(junior cert GEO)

Urbanisation(junior cert GEO)

1. unplanned growth of cities.

2. Dublin's development

   • Vikings
     • Anglo-Normans
       • 16th - 18th century
         • 19th century
           • Capital

3. Functional zones

   • CBD
     • main businesses, very expensive
     • Industrial areas
       • manufacturing centres, heavy industries
         • industrial estates - outskirts
       • Residential areas

4. Paris

   • primate city
   • CBD-core area of business and shopping
     • banks, stock exchange, government offices
     • Shopping activity
       • Champs Elysées
         • small shopping areas in suburbs
       • Residential areas
         • apartment blocks, satellite towns
         • Industrial areas
           • fashion, printing & publishing, modern industries, car assembly
           • Open spaces
             • parks, along banks of the Seine

5. Land values

   • city centre = expensive, multi-storey
     • suburbs = costs less, large business companies

6. Residential Accommodation

   • council apartments
     • terraced housing
       • expensive town houses
         • semi-detached homes
           • luxury homes
   • Quality
     • home size- were small now large
       • modern materials- insulation

7. Commuting to work

   • rush hour traffic
     • congestion charges
       • public transport-nearby,cheap,reliable,fast
         • Dublin-bus,DART,luas
         • restricting car use- expensive parking,clamping,pedestrian only streets

8. Urban problems

   • zones of decline and of sprawl
     • zone of decline=inner city
       • unemployment, population decline,authority housing,derelict sites
         • urban sprawl=uncontrolled spread of the city into the countryside
           • invades countryside,concrete jungle,long commuter journeys
             • Unemployment
               • work near ring roads(suburbs)
                 • CBD=skilled jobs
                   • children drop out of school, not computer literate, basic skills

9. Urban Improvements

   • renewal= knocking down and rebuilding houses/flats for residential purposes
     • redevelopment= knocking down houses/flats and building hotels,etc(function changes)
       • Urban renewal: Fatima Mansions
         • lone parents,poverty,educationally disadvantaged-drop out,unemployment,ill health,drugs
           • renewal:new housing,safe community,raising education levels,improving health,training for jobs...
             • arts&culture,sport & recreation,facilities,environment awareness
   • Planning of new towns
     • Tallaght=improved the area
       • The Square,hospital,LUAS,Tallaght IT,sporting facilities
         • Adamstown
           • new town; near railway,high density, good services, District centre;shops,offices,facilities, sports and parks

10. Urbanisation in the Developing Worls

    • social & economic inequalities , Unplanned development
      • Kolkata
        • social and economic inequalities:CBD=luxurious,wealthy
          • poor districts:narrow streets, cramped homes
            • taxi drivers,tradesmen,factory workers
            • they live in Squatter Settlements
        • Unplanned development: inward migration
          • Squatter settlements or Shantytowns
            • near railways,steep banks,under flyovers,waste land,outskirts
            • health risks:no sanitation or running water
              • heavy labour:construction,collect recycling,heavy loads