Developmental Psychology STUDIES

Developmental Psychology STUDIES

1. Maccoby (1980)

   • We can see if people have an attachment through their behaviour
     • Seeking proximity
     • Distress on separation
     • Joy on reuinion
     • General orientation of behaviour towards caregiver

2. Konrad Lorenz

   • Animals aren't born with ready-made image of parents.
   • A young animal imprints on the first thing it sees

3. Mary Ainsworth

   • Secure attachment 66% - most common
   • Attachment types = influenced by PCG's attachment types

4. Schaffer & Emmerson

   • Investigate age of first attachment
   • Attachments formed between 6-8 months

5. Harlow

   • Monkeys spent most of time clinging to cloth mother
   • Comfort is more important than food in attachment.

6. Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg

   • To see if attachment types differed between cultures
   • Secure attachment = most common

7. Grossman & Grossman

   • Wanted to consider whether strange situation = valid procedure for a culture other than that for which it was designed
   • 68% = securely attached
   • No infants = insecure avoidant
   • 32% = insecure resistant

8. Genie (effects on privation)

   • Clawed, could barely speak, spat...
   • She bgean to walk/learn words... never fully recovered
   • 13 when discovered

9. Czech Twins (privation)

   • Discovered when 7
   • Entirely stable as adults & lacked abnormality

10. Rutter et al (Institutional care)

    • Amount of time spent without attachment has bigger impact
    • Orphans

11. Hodges & Tizard (Institutionalisation)

    • Early privation can have negative effects on ability to form relationships even when given subsequent emotional care.
    • Children in residential nurseries

12. (Impacts of daycare)

    • Field
    • Sylvia et al
    • NICHD
    • Melhuish
    • Violata & Russell