Biomechanical Model

Biomechanical Model

1. Basis of concern

   • Problems related to musculoskeletal capacities underlying functional motion in everyday occupational performances.
     • Applied to persons experiencing limitations in moving freely, with adequate strength and in a sustained fashion. Impairments resulting from disease/trauma in the musculoskeletal system, peripheral NS, integumentary system (e.g skin), cardiopul. system. also problems maintaining normal joint movement.
       • requires knowledge of anatomy and physiology of musculoskeletal system. - fx and structure of bones, joints, muscles - process of tissue healing, muscle strengthening, energy costs of activation. -cardiopul. system supporting musculo. system.

2. Theory

   • Basis concepts of motion
     • concerns the ability to stabilise and move body parts in order to achieve necessary motion for performing occupations
       • Joint Range of Motion (ROM)
         • the potential motion at joint
         • Hinge joints: F/E (at fingers). Ball-socket: F/E, Ab/Add, rotation (shoulders). Connective tissues (ligaments), muscles, skin and skin around joint (elasticity)
         • AROM: range of movement produced voluntarily. PROM: possible when outside force moves a joint. ROM makes possible bending, reaching, pulling,lifting, grasping etc
       • Strength
         • ability of muscles to produce tension to maintain postural control and moving body parts
         • muscles crossing over one/more joint, exerting force to control, produce movement. extent of muscle strength determines fx'l movement one's body can perform.
       • Endurance
         • ability to sustain motion (intensity and rate) over time to complete a task
         • ability to sustain muscle activity- oxygen/energy materials. important when performing activities requiring repeated motion/sustained effort over time