Modality, Scope and Qualification

Modality, Scope and Qualification

1. Modality

   • A cluster of meanings
   • Two clases
     • Epistemic
       • Knowledge and understanding
     • Deontic
       • Obligation situations and permissible
         • Ex. duty, moralty, laws and rules
   • Modal and tense
     • Would, could, might and should
       • Past tense and future
         • Will
   • Core modal meanings
     • Necessity and Possibility
       • P___ be true
         • Must, has to, will
           • Factual propositions
         • Should, ought to
           • Norms
             • Necessity modal
         • May, might
           • Factual propositions
         • Can
           • Factual propositions
     • Paraphrase
       • Sameness of sentence meaning
     • Presuppositions
       • Propositions that form the context

2. Relative scope

   • Sentences affected by negation and modality
     • Operator
       • Different meanings

3. Quantifiers

   • Positive
     • All, some and most
   • Negative
     • None
   • Connected with modality
   • Sentences
     • True or false
       • Depending on the number of individuals
   • Two types
     • Proportional
       • Don't exhibit symmetry
         • Only the number in the intersection need to be taken into account
     • Cardinal
       • Nouns can change without truth or falsity being affected
   • Cardinality
     • Represents the number of elements in set