Tourism Case Studies

Tourism Case Studies

1. Decline

   • Kenya
     • From 1930s, 1 of 1st African countries to develop tourist industry (developing safrai holidays)
     • 1963 -> country gained independance + National Parks set up to protect wildlife + investment in beach resorts e.g. Mombasa
     • 2000+ industry declined
       • Terrorist attacks in Nairobi -> other governments advised citizens not to travel there -> started to visit others places e.g. Tanzania
       • 2007 -> dispute in presidential elections -> 1000 deaths by rioting + violence -> tourists stayed away
     • 2008 = -36% fall in no.s -> country lost £500 million

2. Cultural + environmental pressures

   • Cyprus
     • Rapid development of tourism in 2008 -> country was receiving more than 2.5 million a year
     • Locals horrified by bad behaviour of tourists on beaches + in bars, nightclubs
       • Many have moved away from noisy coastal area to nearby villages inland
     • Across island, massive building projects changed environment + put pressures on services= electricity + water supplies
     • Building developments destroyed beach turtle breeding grounds I some areas -> decline in their no.s

3. Lake District

   • Attractions
     • Scenery- large lakes (Windermere) or mountains (Scafell Pike)
     • Activities: bird watching, walking, pony trekking, boat rides, sailing, cycling, rock-climbing, river cruises
     • Cultural attractions- Dove Cottage, Wordsworth museums
     • Family activities: Brockhole Adventure Playground
   • Conflict
     • Visitors and locals
       • Roads congested with slow-moving cars + caravans
         • Difficult for locals to go about their daily business
         • Air pollution
         • Makes parking difficult
         • Can even delay emergency services
       • Some towns have character changed by tourists shops -> honeypot town Grasmere- easy to find hiking boots but hard to find bread + milk; if they do, higher prices
       • Second homes -> increase house pirces -> locals pushed out of aea -> affects local commnity with services e.g. skls closing down as demand increases
       • Tourists may walk over farmers land + damage crops. May leave gates open -> animals escape
     • Visitors
       • Many visit for peace + quiet; others want more active acitivties e.g. jet skis -> Diff. activities not always compatible
       • Footpath erosion + mountain biking= more damage to sensitive environments
       • Popular days -> small towns e.g. Ambleside 1000s people -> overcrowding =stress + competition for parking
   • Solutions
     • Traffic ->Public transport being improved so people can leave cars at home + campaigns encouraging people to use new services e.g. 'Give Drivera Break' -> provides leaflets showing routes available + offers discounts at cafes and on lake cruises for people with train/bus tickets
     • FP erosion -> ecncourgae spoeple to use less vulerable areas + using more hard-wearing for paths e.g. Tarn Hows -> severely eroded paths covered with soil + main route gravelled to protect it
     • Farmland + wildlife -> signs reminding visitors to take litter home + covered bins provided at most popular sites; campaigns encouraging visitors to enjoy countryside responsibly e.g. close gates, dog on lead

4. Las Vegas

   • Gambling capital of USA
   • 2007 -> Over 39 million visitors
   • Locals suffering from free + easy availability of gambling
   • Across home state of Nevada, 6% of adults addicted + 10% of young people at risk of developing gambling problems

5. Curitiba (Eco-tourism)

   • Curitiba Master Plan
     • control urban sprawl
     • Reduce traffic
     • Develop public transport
     • Preserve historic sector
   • Bus Rapid Transport System (BRT)
     • Direct bus lines with speedy buses on 5 main routes
     • Inter-district buses join districts without crossing the city centre
     • Feeder mini busses pick people up from residential areas
   • Housing
     • Public housing programme called COHAB: homes not shelters
     • Improves quality of life and provides 50,000 homes