Interactionist view of Crime and deviance

Background
1. Interactionism suggests people create structure of society through communication and interaction.
  1. there is no such thing as a deviant act, only acts that have been labeled deviant.
2. Social construction of the globe is focused on the meanings and attitudes people give to behavior.
Labeling Theory
1. Most people commit deviant acts, but only some are caught and intently labeled deviant.
  1. Most people claim to have broken the law in the UK but have not been caught.
    1. A British survey 2015 found that people commit crime averagely 12 times per year (Bartlett)
  2. Labeling theory fails to explain why primary deviance occurs.
2. Labeling occurs when rules are selectively enforced and the response to rule breaking changes depending on the act and who commits it.
  1. Becker examined a case study of a pacific Ireland where a youth had publically been accused of incest and treated negatively because of this. However incest was common on the Island as long as it was not publically conducted.
    1. Because of this Becker argues that just because a deviant act is commited it doesn't mean it will be labeled as deviant.
    2. He also suggests that someone needs to draw attention to the act for it to become deviant.
    3. If an individual is successfully labeled then consequences will follow.
  2. Labeling has the potential of being based upon attitude and stereotype rather than criminal justice.
Primary and Secondary Deviance (Lemert)
1. Primary deviance is the action of rule breaking or deviance.
  1. For example, stealing, drug possession.
  2. Primary deviance fails to distinguish between levels of serious in criminal acts. For example murder is more serious than vandalism.
2. Secondary deviance is the response to the committed deviant act.
  1. For example, attitude of society, law, culture, relatives.
Cicoural
1. How enforcers interpret acts.
2. Stereotypes and societal attitudes lead to labeling of the individuals lead to prosecution.
  1. For example in a study of juvenile rates, working class rates of enforcement were significantly higher than middle class. This may be because of attitudes law enforcers hold towards the w/class youth.
Relative deprivation (Jones)
1. Left realism explains why those suffering from material deprivation commit property related crime.
  1. For example if you are experiencing poverty you are more likely to steal.

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Interactionist view of Crime and deviance

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