leukemia

occurs to
1. White blood cells
  1. Morphology: Irregular- Multilobular nuclei
  2. Life span: 4-30 days
  3. Percentage in blood: 1%
  4. Function: Immunity against microorganisms
  5. Types
    1. granulocytes
      1. Basophil
      2. Eosinophil
      3. Neutrophil
    2. Agranulocytes
      1. Lymphocytes
        T Lymphocytes
        B Lymphocytes
        Plasma cells
        NK cells
      2. Monocyte
        Macrophages
  6. Content: Antibodies and granules
  7. count
    1. abnormalities
      1. leukocytosis
        causes
        Bacterial infections
        Corticosteroids
        Myocardial infarction
        Viral infections
        Autoimmune
        Malignancy
      2. leukocytopenia
definition: Uncontrolled production of WBCs mainly caused by cancerous mutation.
Risk factors
1. Tobacco smoke
2. Radiation exposure
3. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy
4. Family history
5. congenital disorder
6. Drugs and toxins
Types
1. Acute Leukemia
  1. AML
  2. ALL
2. Chronic Leukemia
  1. CLL
  2. Chronic Myeloid leukemia
    1. definition: cancerous increased numbers of cells belonging to the myeloid cell
    2. Complications
      1. Pain
      2. Fatigue
      3. Enlarged Spleen
      4. Excess bleeding
      5. Infention
    3. Pathogenesis
      1. Ph chromosome : t(9;22) Translocation
        oncogene ( BCR-ABL )<
    4. Phases
      1. 1_Chronic phase
      2. 2_ Accelerated phase
      3. 3_ Blast phase
    5. Risk Factors
      1. Radiation
      2. Age
      3. Gender
    6. Clinical Manifestation
      1. Fatigue
      2. Weight loss
      3. Excessive sweating
      4. Abdominal fullness
      5. Bleeding episodes
      6. Abdominal pain
    7. treatment
      1. TKI
      2. chemotherapy
      3. HSCT
        complications
        -headache -nausea -pain -GVHD
    8. Investigations
      1. Bone marrow tests
      2. CBC
      3. Blood chemistry
      4. PCR
      5. FISH
      6. karyotype
      7. Imaging tests
      8. blood smear
    9. Prognosis
      1. all patient treated since 2001 are alive until now and no accurate number for the years to live
Sign & Symptoms
1. Fever and Night sweats -Tiredness -Headaches -Joint or bone pain -Getting infections often -Losing weight and appetite
2. -Pallor -Bone tenderness -Retinal hemorrhage -Hepatosplenomegaly -Gingival involvement (AML) -Choloroma -Swollen abdomen -Swollen lymphnodes
Complications
1. Infections
2. Death
3. Richter Transformation
4. Blood Problems
5. Kaposis sarcoma
6. Lung cancer
7. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
8. splenomegaly
  1. causes
    1. Infections
    2. Hemolytic anemias
    3. ITP
    4. Leukemia
    5. Lymphoma
    6. Myeloproliferative disorders
    7. Sarcoma
diagnosed
1. Blood test
2. Bone marrow biopsy
3. Lymph node biopsy
4. Lumbar puncture
5. Flow cytometry
6. Cytogenetic and FISH
7. Immunophenotyping

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leukemia

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	Erstellt von mahmoud eladl vor fast 7 Jahre