internal explanations for class gap

internal explanations for class gap

1. labelling

   • rist found that teachers were labelling children based on their own social class
   • Gillborn and youdell found that teachers believed middle class students had the ability to enter higher level exams and this is because teachers have their own perspetions on what counts as ability
   • teachers expect more from middle class students as they are most likely to fulfil the teachers expectations of them. this is the self fulfiiling prophecy

2. Banding, setting and streaming

   • middle class in high groups, working class in lower
   • teachers have low expectations for working class and therefore place them in a lower band
   • campbell argues that when pupils are in the top bands they do well, and when people are in the bottom bands they underachieve
   • stephen balls sees settings as social barbarism as it seprates well off children from others who are socially and intellectually inferior

3. marketiation and selection policies

   • middle class pupils achieve good league tables and working class students are barriers to climb the league tables