LER Exam 2

LER Exam 2

1. Good Argument

   • CONDITION 3: The premise(s) are properly related to the conclusion.
     • appeal to general belief (or practice). When an argument talks about what a lot of people believe (or do) in order to try to establish the truth of what these people believe (or do)
       • Fallacies
         • Ad Hominem Fallacy
           • Ad Hominem Argument
             • Testimony
           • • The fallacy of appeal to ignorance is committed when someone argues that because his or her claim cannot be proved false, it therefore should be accepted as true.
             • The person making the claim must prove it true; it is not up to others to prove it false.
   • CONDITION (2): The premise(s) do not just restate the conclusion in different words.
     • begging the question. If your premise just is a restatement of your conclusion, then if the conclusion is uncertain, then the premise is uncertain, since they are saying the same thing.
   • CONDITION (1): The premise or premises are true or likely to be true.
     • slippery slope fallacy. ' According to the slippery slope fallacy, a course of action (e.g. adopting a personal income tax) is rejected because, with little or no evidence, one insists that it will lead (down the slippery slope) to something that is undesirable (e.g. communism).
   • Deductive argument
     • Deductive arguments are of the sort that, if successful, then if the premises are all true, then the conclusion must be true.
   • Non-deductive argument
     • Non-deductive arguments are of the sort, if successful, then if the premises are all true, then conclusion is likely to be true.
     • Appeal to Authority
     • False Analogy
     • Hasty Generalization
     • Far-Fetched Hypothesis
     • Post Hoc