Body Interactions

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Introduction: The Body Systems

Nervous System: Sends and receives electrical messages to and from all cells in the body. Controls all other body systems.

Circulatory System: Transports substances, O2, CO2, food, and waste to and from all cells in the body.

Heart - muscle that pumps blood.

Arteries - (away) carry CO2 rich blood from heart to cells.

Neuron - a nerve cell

Carries electrical signals

Brain and spinal cord are made of many of them.

Veins - carry blood from cells to lungs.

Capillaries - Connect arteries to veins.

Thinnest blood vessel

Where substances move in/out of bloodstream and cells

Red Blood Cells - carry oxygen, they are made in bone marrow.

Spinal Cord - a column of nerves within the spine that transmit messages to and from the brain.

Respiratory System: Brings oxygen into the body, gets rid of carbon dioxide. Inhales & exhales.

Trachea - (windpipe) passageway between your nose and your lungs.

Diaphragm - muscle located below the lungs; contraction causes lungs to draw in a breath.

Skeletal System:

Structural support (frame)

Protects organs

Produces red blood cells

Works with muscular to allow you to move

Ligaments - connects bone to bone

Tendon - connects bone to muscle

Bones - part of your skeletal system that

Structural support (frame)

Protects organs

Produces red blood cells

Works with muscular to allow you to move

Muscular System:

Allows for contraction (movement when paired with skeletal system)

Works with circulatory when heart (which is a muscle) pumps blood

Works with respiratory when diaphragm (which is a muscle) contracts and helps your lungs breathe

Endocrine System: Releasing chemicals called hormones (which regulate growth, ect.)

Hormones - chemical messengers

Digestive System: series of organs that convert food into essential nutrients, and moves unwanted waste out.

Mouth - breaks down food

Esophagus - connects mouth to stomach

Stomach - where stomach enzymes break down food even more.

Small Intestine - where most the nutrients is absorbed and breaks down food even more.

Large intestine - removes water, absorbs nutrients, waste storage.

Removes water from remaining food

Absorbs the last of the nutrients.

Waste is stored here until it leaves.

Liver - toxins, bile

Makes energy (starch) from the food you eat.

Stores the energy (starch)

Cleans blood by breaking down toxins

Makes and stores bile.

bile - used to break down the fats you eat

Pancreas - where pancreatic juice is stored.

pancreatic juice - liquid essential for breaking down food in the small intestine (it's a digestive enzyme)

Enzyme - speeds up chemical reactions; breaks down food even more.

Excretory System: removes waste from the body.

Kidney - takes waste products from your blood; cleans the blood

Bladder - holds urine

Integumentary System: guards against infection, maintains balance, and senses the environment.

Skin - outer layer

Immune System: recognize, attack, and destroy foreign cells or substances that may cause disease. Find and fight pathogens inside the body using cells and antibodies. (Mainly works with circulatory system.)

White blood cell - recognize and fight pathogens - bacteria and viruses.

Pathogen - an organism that causes disease.

Levels Of Organization:

Cells - basic unit of structure and function, all living things

Tissue - 2+ cells with similar structure and function

Organ - 2+ tissues working together to fo a specific function

Organ System - 2+ organs that work together in performing body functions.