Foundation

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Foundation: (Canadian wood frame house construction)

General Notes: should extend to undisturbed soil OR designed to suit fill conditions.

Footings:

Base of Foundation

Transmit the loads to the soil

6 WALL FOOTING Rules:

footings must be at least 6" thick

if footing excavation is too deep, fill with concrete- NEVER with excavated material.

use side forms for footing where soil conditions prevent sharply cut trenches.

minimum depth of footings below grade is established from soil conditions and the depth of frost penetration

reinforce footings with steel rods where they cross pipe trenches which are not well compacted.

in freezing weather, protect concrete with a think layer of straw or other insulating material.

COLUMN FOOTING

size dependable on

1- Allowable soil pressure

2- Supported load

Minimum thickness is 6" AND not less than projection.

A general dimension for stable soil conditions is 4 sft for 1 story house and 6 sft for 2 story house.

STEPPED FOOTING

required where

1- Site has a steep sloping

2- Unstable soil is encountered when excavation takes place

Bottom of footing is always placed on undisturbed soil

the vertical component of the footing should be at least 6" think and the same width as the horizontal component

except in rock, the vertical distance between steps should not exceed 2' and horizontal not be less than 2'.

CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL

when poring concrete it should be

1- Done all at once,

2- Be continuously tamped to remove air pockets and work the material under window frames

3- Anchor bolts for sill should be place while concrete is still in plastic condition

4- Forms should not be removed until concrete can support weight of early construction. (2 days min, 1 week ideal)

Concrete walls can be DAMP-PROOFED with one heavy coat of bituminous material from outside (footing to finished grade-line.

CONCRETE-BLOCK FOUNDATION WALL

Common dimensions are 8" hight, 16" long and 6", 8", 10" or 12" wide.

No framework needed when erecting

Start at foundation and laid

Foundation: (Building construction illustrated 2nd ed.)

General Notes: should extend to undisturbed soil OR designed to suit fill conditions.

Types of Foundation Systems: PIER FOUNDATION:

footings must be at least 6" thick

if footing excavation is too deep, fill with concrete- NEVER with excavated material.

use side forms for footing where soil conditions prevent sharply cut trenches.

minimum depth of footings below grade is established from soil conditions and the depth of frost penetration

reinforce footings with steel rods where they cross pipe trenches which are not well compacted.

in freezing weather, protect concrete with a think layer of straw or other insulating material.

COLUMN FOOTING

size dependable on

1- Allowable soil pressure

2- Supported load

Minimum thickness is 6" AND not less than projection.

A general dimension for stable soil conditions is 4 sft for 1 story house and 6 sft for 2 story house.

STEPPED FOOTING

required where

1- Site has a steep sloping

2- Unstable soil is encountered when excavation takes place

Bottom of footing is always placed on undisturbed soil

the vertical component of the footing should be at least 6" think and the same width as the horizontal component

except in rock, the vertical distance between steps should not exceed 2' and horizontal not be less than 2'.

CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL

when poring concrete it should be

1- Done all at once,

2- Be continuously tamped to remove air pockets and work the material under window frames

3- Anchor bolts for sill should be place while concrete is still in plastic condition

4- Forms should not be removed until concrete can support weight of early construction. (2 days min, 1 week ideal)

Concrete walls can be DAMP-PROOFED with one heavy coat of bituminous material from outside (footing to finished grade-line.