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Indicate in 1-3 sentences some of the relationships linking Women, Energy, and Economic Empowerment.

According to the article, what are some of the ways that access to energy and economic empowerment are differentiated across genders?

women and their ovarian cycles, they seriously misrepresent both the prevalence and the men

The point is - normally ovulatory cycles are not distressing. The problem is not with menstruation, it is with ovulation disturbances coupled with the typically high estrogen levels of modern, inactive and stressed women.

In the presence of summary text,

participants hearing a native speakers performed

significantly better than hearing an accented speaker. That

implied that in lectures with an accented

lecturer, students might be spent lot of their mental resources on

understanding the speech and will

not be able to make use of the summary text in

PowerPoint to help with comprehension of the accented speech.

*Our results – not significant –

everyone included

Accented speaker more personable but inexperienced?

Mayer, Heiser and Lonn (2001) studied what kind of multimedia presentation promotes better

learning in students. Narration spoken by native speaker under different conditions— without on-screen text, with full on-screen text, and with summary on-screen text. Participants performed best without any kind of concurrent on-screen text. This phenomenon of “eliminating redundant material results in better performance than when the redundant material is included” is called redundancy (text and narration saying the same thing). Therefore, redundancy may be harmful in quick animations, but may not have adverse effects in PowerPoint presentation. In two separate experiments, adding short, redundant text to

narrated graphics resulted in improvements on retention of the verbal material but not on transfer.

*The purpose of our study is to understand what kind of multimedia presentation promotes better learning in students when the narrator is foreign-accented. Our study would examine if redundant onscreen text will facilitate or hurt students’ learning when the narrator is foreign-accented.

*Research questions: Does the redundancy effect apply to presentation made by a foreign-accented speaker? Do full onscreen text or summary onscreen promotes better learning when the speaker is foreign-accented?

*It is hypothesized that participants exposed to redundant onscreen text will outperform those only hear the narration. Though this contradicts the redundancy effect, onscreen text might be crucial for listeners to recover the ambiguous words spoken by the foreign-accented speaker. We also hypothesize that summary text will facilitate learning more than full text because full text might overload the students.

Make a concise connection about the work that Anne Wojcicki's team does at 23andMe and the DNA polymorphism lab you completed earlier this semester.

-I felt that their purpose of our DNA polymorphism lab was to show how the class was or was not related. In her interview, Wojcicki states that the fascinating thing about DNA is that "it’s been passed down—it’s our connection back in time—and it shows that we’re all related". With DNA, we can learn so much about ourselves and each other, making it something the unites our population.

Describe ONE instance where the interviewees discuss the importance of role models and/or mentors in the articles. Your Answer: Kimberly Bryant spoke about how her experience at college was at first off-putting because of the classroom's openness to diversity. It was not until she encounter an upperclassmen who was also a woman of color majoring in electrical engineering that really helped Bryant excel. When you make close connections with people who share the same identity and interests as you, it definitely helps you feel more at home in your environment. Bryant was able to excel because of the "unspoken example" her friend set, which gave Bryant the motivation to make it through school.

Many of the interviewees offer advice to women and people of color interested in STEM fields. What advice most stands out to you? Why?

Your Answer: In Sterlings article, she leaves the reader with the advice: "Don’t compare yourself to others and believe in yourself". We as a society have been predisposition to believe everything is a competition, because only the best of the best will succeed in life. For years I was adamant on outcompeting anyone, especially academically, and while this is not necessarily bad motivation, it is not entirely realistic. My mother used to say that there will always be someone who is better than you at something, and the only thing you can do then is to accomplish things to the best of your ability. To pressure yourself to be perfect is a source of unbearable stress, and since I have been at college I am working more on acceptance of myself. Women and people of color undoubtedly feel the pressure to be perfect when competing in male dominated fields, but true success comes with being yourself.

Dr. Olabisi states, "I’ve seen design teams where it works a lot better when you actually have people who come from impoverished families. They have completely different perspectives from people who are more well-to-do."

This semester, we have talked about epistemic privilege in feminist standpoint theory. Describe how Dr. Olabisi's statement DOES or DOES NOT exemplify epistemic privilege.

Your Answer:

Feminist Standpoint Theory argues for practicing science from a female perspective, because they are a minority group with a lot of untapped potential. Dr. Olabisi's states does exemplify epistemic privilege, because he implies that design teams made up of members with impoverished background will achieve better results than members from poverished families.

Which sciences are more readily associated with feminist epistemologies and what is one reason for that? (3 pts)

Your Answer:They mostly focus on the social sciences and humanities, because there is a lot of flexibility within the field. As Harding notes, there is a greater emphasis on subjectivity in the field, and researchers have a connection to the objects being studied. They prefer these over the physical sciences or the "hard sciences", which place a greater distance between the researcher and what is being studied.

What overall perspective on the use of science is advanced by ecofeminists?

How does “strong objectivity” challenge science with more demands than routine objectivity in science has required? Offer one aspect of strong objectivity to make your point.

Fujimura deploys a “critical sociomaterial approach” to the study of sex and discovers the presence of an “awkward surplus” of data. What does she mean by awkward surplus?

When the genetic science of sex determination is described as “leaky,” what is the lesson about binary sex categories ?

Your Answer:

The term leaky is implying that sex determination is unstable. There is no single pathway through which to determine sex. There are genetic reasons for binary sex categories, and there are many pathways with many different genes. However, there is a hierarchy within these variations, and these include the pathways associated with genes causing maleness.

Post Materialist Science Manifesto- The modern scientific worldview is predominantly predicated on assumptions that are closely

associated with classical physics. Materialism—the idea that matter is the only reality—is one of

these assumptions.

“scientific materialism.” This belief system

implies that the mind is nothing but the physical activity of the brain, and that our thoughts cannot

have any effect upon our brains and bodies, our actions, and the physical world; scientists started to believe that it was based on established

empirical evidence.

It's constricted the sciences and hampered the development of the scientific study of mind and

spirituality, impoverished understanding of ourselves.

Qm and Psych studies show that conscious mental activity can causally influence

behavior.

Studies of the so-called "psi phenomena" indicate that we can sometimes receive meaningful

information without the use of ordinary senses, and in ways that transcend the habitual space

and time constraints.

Data which do not fit favored

theories and beliefs cannot be dismissed a priori; Scientists should not be afraid to investigate spirituality and spiritual experiences since they

represent a central aspect of human existence. Post-materialist science does not reject the empirical observations and great value of scientific

achievements realized up until now. It seeks to expand the human capacity to better understand

the wonders of nature.

What impact has gender studies of science had on the methods and practice of science? F.eminist science scholars not

only study the"beauty of facts and discipline in science"but often seek to change

them'. f,eministtheoristasnd

epistemologisrtasrelysuggesctoncretseolutionosrprogramdsesignedtoovercome

theproblemtsheyso ablyuncoverF.eminisstciencetheoristosftendisplaythedis-

dainforappliedsciencecharacteristoifcmainstreamsciencetheoris. WhatIwantofocusonhereisathirdbodyofliteraturtheatanalyzesthestructure

ofknowledgceraftewdithininstitutiotnhsathavehistoricalleyxcludedwomenT.he

successoffeminisctritiqueosfscienceinthelasttenyearshasbeentorevealcon-

cretexamplesofthegenderinogfscience. Onlywhengenderanalysisbecomesan integraplartof scienceresearch

programwsilltheproblemofwomeninsciencebesolved. The"exact"sciences,howevero,ftenclaimforthemselvesa specialepistemologi-

calstatus:freedomfromsocialimprin. epistemologic"ahlardnesso"fthephysicaslciences

Sustainablescience shiftsattentionaway fromclassical epistemology(how we

know),whichhas exercisedscienceand sciencetheorysincetheseventeenthcen-

turyt,ofocusonthegoalsandoutcomesofscience(whatweknowanddon'tknow,

and why).Key questionsinclude:Science forwhom?How is ourknowledgeinflu-

encedbywhois includedinscienceandwhois excluded,whichprojectsarepursued

and whichignored,whose experiencesare validatedand whose are not,and who

standsto gain in termsof wealthor well-beingand who does not?And forhow

long? I

Standpoint theory is a postmodern method for analyzing inter-subjective discourses. ... Standpoint theory supports what feminist theorist Sandra Hardingcalls strong objectivity, or the notion that the perspectives of marginalized and/or oppressed individuals can help to create more objective accounts of the world.

The author asks, "can we identify gender in math and physics, whose subject matters have no recognizable sex, in the same way that we have done in the life sciences?" Give ONE example that she provides to answer her question.

Your Answer:

The author points out Phyllis Rosser's study of the SAT math section and how shows how the test's format works against women. A majority of the given SAT math problems are rooted in masculinity (sports, business, technology etc.) and how this creates bias towards women.

The author states, "It is possible to distinguish at least four meanings of the supposed hardness of physics." Explain ONE of the potential meanings.

Your Answer:

The author describes how physics can be ontologically hard. Physics studies hard inanimate things (matter, motion etc.). While the life sciences study soft things, such as animals; things that are animate.

Why is it problematic to argue that there is a "female style" in science?

Your Answer:

The author states that the immediate problem is that deeming there to be a "female style" in science "grounded gender in biology and placed the discussion in the essentialist camp". That is to say, it immediately suggests that there exists both a female and a male version of science; science is not unified.

The author gives 7 crucial tools for gender analysis. Choose ONE and make a clear connection to another reading we've discussed in class this semester.

Your Answer:

The author discusses gender analyses of criteria used in both determining what needs explanation and what counts as evidence. I feel this connects to the concept of man conquering nature, as the whole premise of it is for man to find explanation where he deems necessary. It was also suggested in this past reading that man could manipulate nature if he wanted to and could make his own evidence.

In your own words, what is one aspect of this analysis that makes it belong in a feminist science studies category, and why?

Your Answer:

It's attempt to break the barrier of traditional academia by including comics that make the study easier to visualize. I have never seen comics inputted in anything outside of a literary critic, so it was fascinating to see York try something new. At one point, York even mentions using the comics to challenge the individualism previously found in science, where feminism was not ingrained.

York claims in Excerpt 5 that she uses graphic novel style illustrations to situate her knowledge and to practice reflexivity. Do you think that this "multimodality" makes this study more or less scholarly, and/or more or less objective? Why?

Your Answer:

In a conventional academic sense, no the comics make the study less scholarly. However, I don't believe York is going for this conventional academia, but rather she is looking at it from a feminist prospective. She wants to challenge traditional academia, which prided individualism, but with her comics (a collaboration between her and Sean York) she is rebelling as a feminist scholar. I also feel that while the purpose of the comics is to make it more objective, it actually does the opposite. At one point, York notes that she considers her "starting points in terms of [her] status as a woman who at the time of conducting research was a graduate student" to be beneficial in employing standpoint methodology. Yet, because it is from her sole perspective, the comics are very biased about what she experienced and the opinions she formed.

When considering what you are supposed to learn when majoring in a scientific or engineering discipline, you might think more about particular mathematics, scientific foundations, and technological methods that are important. Why do you think students in this nanoengineering major are learning things like the history of the field, the role of Richard Feynman, the idea of a nano dream, and the vision of Fantastic Voyage?

Your Answer:It helps to teach them about the actual concept of nanotechnology, but more importantly it helps to instill passion in them. Especially the idea of a nano dream, it might help them figure out what they want to create with nanotechnology, or what problems they want to solve once they have the skills to do so.

York claims in Excerpts 9 and 10 that when Fantastic Voyage is described in the NanoEngineering Department, certain things are left out ("constitutive exclusions") and that these things that are left out are also important to understanding how a nanoengineering identity is formed. What is an example of something York considers an exclusion and how does such an exclusion define nanoengineering as intrinsically good and universal?

Your Answer:

Looking at the movie Fantastic Voyage, York sees the exclusion of the military themes as being important. For instance, when York does discuss how the Cold War played a part in the movie, she clearly portrays how nanotechnology can be used for good or evil depending on the beholder. On the US side, nanotechnology is used to save the life of a Soviet scientist defecting from the USSR. Even though he is considered the enemy of the film, nanotechnology is still used to revive him in order for the US to gain his secrets. This is important in shaping identity because it shows how society and nanotechnology influence each other, while showing it can have good and bad uses.