Developmental Psychology and Language - created from Mind Map

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studies cognitive and socail changes throughouthe lifespan

Pregnancy

Stages of Development Psychology

zygote: conception 2- 3 weeks

Birth

fetus: 6 months

Harmful

tetarogens: harmful agents to the prenatal environment

smoking, drinking

APGAR Test: Activity, Pulse, Grimmmace, Appearance,and Respiration

Baby

Reflexes

Rooting reflex: when touched on teeth, baby will open mouth to search for nipple

sucking

swallowing

Piagets Stages of Development

Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

Freud's Psychosexual

Sensorimotor Period

Preoperational Period

Concrete Operational Period

Formal Operational Period

from birth to two years

does not have: symbolic thought, which means they can represent objects in terms of mental symbols

does not have: Object permanence is the ability to recognize that an object can exist even when it’s no longer perceived or in one’s sight

two to seven years of age

No conservation

centration: focus on one aspect of problem and leave out important stuff

irreversibility: unable to reverse a thought or idea

egocentrism: cannot remove ones views and opinions from problem

animism

seven to about eleven

Reversibility is the ability to mentally reverse actions.

Decentration is the ability to focus simultaneously on several aspects of a problem

eleven to adulthood

think abstractly and hypotheetically

Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust

Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt

Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority

Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion

Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation

Stage 7: Generativity vs. Self-Absorption

Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair

first year after birth, babies depend completely on adults for basic needs such as food, comfort, and warmth.

Between the ages of one and three, toddlers start to gain independence and try to do stuff on their own but couldn't

Between the ages of three and six, can do it but might be wrong or not socaily exceptable

Between the ages of six and twelve, children compete with peers, all about who is better

period between puberty and adulthood, children try to determine their identity and their direction in life.

young adulthood, people face the challenge of developing intimate relationships with others

as people reach middle adulthood, they work to become productive members of society, either through parenting or through their jobs.

In old age, people examine their lives, meaningful or not

Preconventional

Conventional

Postconventional

1. Reward or Punished

2. Meets self interests

3. conforming to the rules to impress others

4. obeying laws to keep social order

5. viewing laws as a mutual aggrement between all

6. ethics and morals trumps rules

Oral

Anal

Phallic

Complex

Genital

Latency

Birth- 1 year, mouth, sucking, or swallowing.

Anal retinitive: keeps things in. Anal explusive: Lets things explodes. 1-3 years

3-6, you love your mom or dad, penis envy or vagaga envy

puberty- forever. sexual interests

6- puberty, nothing happens

Baby to Old People

Parenthood

Baby

Older Folks

Authourtain

Authouritative

Permissive

Harlow's Attachment study

Attatchment: close bond between infants and their caregivers.

temprement: personality of baby

comfort trumps food

Secure Attachment: unhappy when mother leaves, strongest attachment

Anxious-ambivalent attachment: These infants became upset when their mothers left but resisted contact with their mothers when they returned.

Avoidant attachment: these infants didn’t seem upset when their mothers left and avoided their mothers when they returned. Researchers did not see a significant difference in the way these infants treated their mothers and the stranger.

crystalline intelligence: which is intelligence based on a life span of knowledge and skills, remains constant or increases.

five stages of grief

Denial

Anger

Bargaining

Deppression

Acceptance

Language

Structure

Stages

Phonemes: re the smallest distinguishable units in a language. In the English language, many consonants, such as t, p, and m

Morphemes: are the smallest meaningful units in a language. ex. Dis lik ed

Grammar: how words should be ordered

Syntax is a system of rules that governs how words can be meaningfully arranged to form phrases and sentences.

Semantics: how we derive meaning from words, mormenes and sentances

Three-month-old infants can distinguish between the phonemes from any language.

At around six months, infants begin babbling, or producing sounds that resemble many different languages.

At about thirteen months, children begin to produce simple single words.

By about twenty-four months, children begin to combine two or three words to make short sentences. At this stage, their speech is usually telegraphic. Telegraphic speech, like telegrams, contains no articles or prepositions.

By about age three years, children can usually use tenses and plurals

Developmental Psychology and Language