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1)The pericardium is the double sac membrane that

a)encloses the heart

b)line the aorta

c)makes up the heart valves

d)it found only in cappilaries

2)The interventricular septum and intra atrial septum separate the

a)chambers of the heart

b)chambers of the lungs

c)aorta and pulmonary artery

d) bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve

3)blood return to the heart from the body organs enters the:

a)left atrium through the aorta

b)right atrium through the vena cava

c)left ventricle by the pulmonary artery

d)right ventricle by the pulmonary vein

4)the systemic circuit of the cardiovascular system extend:

a)from the heart to the lungs

b)from heart to the coronary arteries

c)from liver to the heart

d)from the heart to the body organs and tissues

5)the only vein in the body that transports oxygen rich blood is the

a)coronary vein

hepatic portal vein

pulmonary vein

aortic vein

6)the semilunar valves prevent blood from flowing backward:

a)into the atria

c)into the brain

b)into the ventricles

d)into the liver

7)the right atrium lies .....to the left atrium

a)right

b)left

anterior

superior

8)right atrium has ......... opening

2

3

4

5

9) velocity of cappilaries-

a)low

b)high

c)medium

d)all of the above

10)poiseullin equation for resistance is

a)8nL/8πr4

b)4nL/πr4

b)nL/πr4

d)8nL/πr4

11)if velocity is less than cross sectional area in cappilaries

a)high

b)low

c)both a & b

d) none of these

12)if blood flow is more then cardiac output will

be ........

a)medium

c) more

b) less

d) depend on resistance

13)when an organ receives blood supply from vessel in parallel organisation then total resistance

increase

decrease

depends blood flow d) all of the above

14)the blood flows through the systemic circulation pressure decrease gradually because of - a) pressure in flow

pressure in right auricle

resistance to blood flow

resistance to capillaries

15)blood flow from the tissue to systemic veins and.....

a)aorta

b) left ventricle

c)vena cava

d) pulmonary artery

16)blood flow from the lungs to the left atrium via

a) arteries

b)veins

c)vena cava

d) pulmonary veins

17)the main function of the cardiovascular system

filtration

diffusion

osmo regulation

transportation

18)in left side of the heart pressure is.........

a)high

low

medium

randomly changes

19)vena cava contain ......

oxygenated blood

deoxygenated blood

both a & b

all of the above

20) sites of exchange of nutrients,gases & water

a)veins

b)arteries

c) ventricle

d)cappilaries

21)One molecule of hemoglobin contains:

one heme + one polypeptide chain.

One heme + two polypeptide chains.

Four heme + two polypeptide chains.

Four heme + four polypeptide chains.

22)In a woman with iron deficiency anemia, there is an increase in:

MCV (mean corpuscle volume).

MCH (mean corpuscle hemoglobin).

MCHC (mean corpuscle hemoglobin concentration).

Serum total iron binding capacity (TIBC).

23)In a patient having vitamin K deficiency, there is:

Anemia.

Normal clotting time.

Prolonged bleeding time.

Prolonged clotting time.

24)The white blood cells having receptors for IgE on their membrane are: a) Basophils.

Eosinophils.

Lymphocytes.

Neutrophils.

25)The white blood cells actively involved in phagocytosis are:

Basophils and eosinophils.

Basophils and neutrophils.

Lymphocytes and eosinophils.

Neutrophils and monocytes.

26)A blood transfusion reaction is likely to occur if a patient with blood group A+ is transfused with blood of group: a) A+

A-

O+

AB-

27)In a nerve fiber, inactivation of sodium channels gives rise to:

Absolute refractory period.

Depolarization.

Hyperpolarization.

Repolarization.

28)Hyperpolarization results if in the extracellular fluid, there is decreased concentration of: a) Calcium.

Chloride.

Magnesium.

Potassium.

29)Compound action potential is recorded from a:

Motor nerve fiber.

Myelinated nerve fiber.

Nerve trunk.

Sensory nerve fiber.

30)The muscle protein which covers the active sites on the actin filament at rest is: a) Actinin.

Myosin.

Tropomyosin.

Troponin-T.

31)During the muscle contraction, there is shortening of:

A-band.

Actin filaments.

Myosin.

Sarcomere.

32)The visceral smooth muscle:

Control is mainly through nervous stimuli.

Has contact type of neuromuscular junctions.

Is composed of individual muscle fibers.

Shows contraction when it is stretched.

33)During the neuromuscular transmission, end plate potential is produced. It is:

Due to Ca++ influx.

Having a refractory period.

Localized hyperpolarization.

Of low amplitude in myasthenia gravis.

34)In isometric muscle contraction:

ATP is utilized in large amount.

Muscle length decreases during the contraction.

Much work is performed by the muscle.

There is stretching of the elastic component.

35)Intestinal motility is increased by:

Cholecystokinin.

Gastrin.

Gastric inhibitory peptide.

Secretin.

36)The myenteric plexus:

Controls motility of the intestines.

Controls secretion of the intestines.

Consists of sympathetic nerve fibers.

Consists of parasympathetic nerve fibers. 37)Defecation is accomplished by mainly the:

Gastrocolic reflex.

Mass reflex.

Myenteric reflex.

Parasympathetic reflex.

38)The event not likely to occur during the pharyngeal stage of swallowing is: a) Deglutition apnea.

Closure of the posterior nares.

Narrowing the palatopharyngeal folds.

Opening of the glottis.

39)Contraction of the gall bladder and stimulation of enzyme rich pancreatic secretion are the function of: a) Cholecystokinin.

Gastrin.

Motilin.

Secretin.

40)Cardiac muscle acts as a functional syncytium because it:

Consists of single nucleated cells.

Has a long refractory period.

Has larger T-tubules.

Has gap junctions between adjacent cells.

41)During the cardiac cycle, the maximal right ventricular systolic pressure (mmHg) is: a) 5

8

25

80

42)Vagal stimulation results into slowing of the heart rate.This is due to increased permeability of the sinoatrial nodal fiber membrane to:

Calcium.

Chloride.

Potassium.

Sodium.

43)The phase of the cardiac cycle during which third heart sound production occurs is: a) Atrial systole.

Isovolumic relaxation.

Isovolumic contraction.

Rapid inflow (filling).

44)In a patient having first degree atrioventricular block, the ECG shows prolonged: a) PR interval.

QRS interval.

QT interval.

RR interval.

45)QRS complex is the ECG:

Has a normal duration of 0.3 second.

Has a normal shape in cases of bundle branch block.

Is due to ventricular depolarization.

Is due to ventricular systole.

46)The cardiac index is:

Cardiac output per square meter body surface area.

Increased in old age.

Normally about 5 litre/minute/m2

Stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate.

47)Normally about 65% of the total blood volume is present in: a) Capillaries.

Arteries.

Arteriovenous anastomes.

Veins.

48) When arterial blood pressure falls to very low level (50mmHg), the nervous mechanism which helps to regulate it is mainly:

Baroreceptor reflex.

Chemoreceptors.

CNS ischemic response.

Cushing’s reflex.

49)Coronary blood flow is regulated mainly by:

Autonomic nerve.

Diastolic aortic pressure.

Heart rate.

Local metabolism.

50)A patient having valvular heart disease shows collapsing pulse (water hammer). He is most likely to have: a) Aortic regurgitation.

Aortic stenosis.

Mitral regurgitation.

Pulmonary stenosis.

51)During fetal life, the blood vessel having maximally oxygenated blood is: a) Aorta.

Ductus arteriosus.

Inferior vena cava.

Umbilical vein.

52)During the exercise, skeletal muscle blood flow increases 15-25 times the resting value. This increase is mainly due to: a) Increased arterial blood pressure.

Increased secretion of catecholamines.

Local metabolic factors.

Stimulation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves.

53)During the inspiration, the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity is increased due to contraction of: a) Diaphragm.

External intercostals.

Scalene.

Serritus anterior.

54)Surfactant deficiency is not likely to produce:

Collapse of alveoli.

Increased surface tension of the fluid lining alveoli.

Increased compliance of the lungs.

Pulmonary edema.

55)The difference of total lung capacity and vital capacity is:

Expiratory reserve volume.

Functional residual capacity.

Inspiratory reserve volume.

Residual volume.

56)The rate of diffusion of gases through the respiratory membrane is inversely proportional to:

Diffusion capacity of the respiratory membrane for the gas.

Pressure gradient across the respiratory membrane.

Surface area of the respiratory membrane.

Thickness of the respiratory membrane.

57)Dissociation of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin facilitated by:

Decreased temperature.

Decreased 2:3 diphosphoglycerate concentration.

Decreased H+

Exercise.

58)The rate and duration of inspiratory ramp signals from the dorsal respiratory medullary neurons is controlled by impulses from:

Cerebral cortex.

Hypothalamus.

Peripheral chemoreceptors.

Pneumotaxic center.

59)Respiration – Nervous Control A patient having hypoxia shows his arterial PO2 –60mmHg and hemoglobin concentration 15 g/dl. He is most likely suffering from:

Anemic hypoxia.

Carbon monoxide poisoning.

Histotoxic hypoxia.

Hypoxic hypoxia.

60)During the acclimatization at high altitude, the change not likely to occur is:

Accelerated erythropoiesis.

Increased hemoglobin concentration.

Increased rate of pulmonary ventilation.

Respiratory acidosis.

61) The energy of muscle contraction is derived from the following except: a- ATP. b- muscle glycogen. c- lactic acid. d- Creatine phosphate.

62)The frequency needed to produce tetanus: a- is increased by cooling.

is decreased in red muscles.

is increased in fatigue. d- is decreased in the pale muscles.

63) Depolarization: a- is associated with increase in membrane permeability to Na+. b- is terminated with closure of voltage activated K+ channels.

c- is followed by muscle relaxation. d- is caused by K+ efflux.

64)Action potential: a- is a graded potential. b- is produced by sub threshold stimulus.

c- starts with repolarization caused by outward movement of Cl-. d- is conducted slower in thin nerve fibers.

65) RMP of a nerve: a- is caused by equal distribution of ions along both sides of the membrane. b- is caused by selective permeability of the membrane to the ions. c- Na+ - K+ pump has no role in RMP. d- is caused mainly by inward movement of Na+ ions. 66) As regard conduction of action potential in a nerve: a- in thick myelinated nerve fibers can reach up to 120 meter / second. b- can be increased by increase calcium.

c- can be increased by cooling. d- is conducted with decrement.

67)The cell organelle which increase their number by self replication are:

Endoplasmic reticulum.

Golgi apparatus.

Lysosomes.

Mitochondria.

68)The intercellular connections having high permeability for ions are:

Desmosomes.

Focal adhesions.

Hemidesmosomes.

Gap junctions.

69)Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion because it:

is according to the concentration gradient.

Is a passive transport.

Involves a carrier protein.

Involves expenditure of energy. 70)The plasma proteins are not involved in:

Blood clotting.

Blood viscosity.

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure.

Transport of oxygen.

71)During intrauterine life, formation of the red blood cells begins in:

Bone marrow.

Liver.

Lymph nodes.

Mesoderm of the yolk sac.

72)Pale (fast) fiber:

a- contains much blood capillaries. b- doesn't show fatigue. c- contains low concentration of myoglobin.

d- depends on aerobic oxidation.

About cellular sheath ( sheath of Schwann): a- It acts as an electric insulator around the nerve fiber. b- It surrounds the axons of all neurons inside and outside the CNS. c- It is responsible for the color of the white matter of the spinal cord. d- It is essential for regeneration of the damaged verve fibers.

Myelin sheath: a- Present in the myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. b- Formed of lipoprotein complex and acts as electric insulator.

c- It is formed of successive wrappings of the membrane of Schwann cells. d- It is the cause of decreased conduction of nerve impulse.

Chronaxia: a- is the minimal stimulus which produce response after relatively long time. b- is the minimal time needed by the strong stimulus to produce response. c- is the time required to stimulate the nerve by a minimal stimulus. d- is the time required to stimulate the nerve by a stimulus which is double rheobase.

During depolarization: a- voltage activated Na+ channels open. b- the membrane becomes impermeable to Na+. c- when membrane potential reaches -55 m.v Na+& K+ fluxes occur at the same time. d- K+ ions diffuse outside.

The resting membrane potential is caused by: a- Diffusion of K+ ions outside the nerve fibers. b- Diffusion of Na+ ions inside the nerve fibers.

c- Opening of the chemically activated ion channels. d- Opening of the voltage activated ion channels.

78)To measure resting membrane potential:

a- We use a special voltmeter or cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). b- We put the two electrodes outside the nerve fiber. c- We stimulate the nerve by an effective stimulus. d- We put the two electrodes inside the nerve fiber.

79) In all or non rule: a- A minimal stimulus produces a maximal response. b- The response in a single nerve fiber increases with increase intensity of stimulus. c- The nerve trunk either respond maximally or not respond at all.

d- Minimal stimulus produces minimal response.

Excitation contraction coupling involves all the following except: a- Release of Ca++ from troponin. b- Formation of cross bridges between actin and myosin. c- Spread of depolarization along the transverse tubules. d- Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP.

Muscle fatigue is due to:

a- Inability of the action potential to spread over the muscle. b- Failure of transmission in the motor nerve. c- Failure of neuro-muscular transmission. d- Depletion of energy stores.

82) An-electrotonus : a- is a localized area of depolarization. b- results from stimulation by effective galvanic current . c- is associated with decreased excitability.

d- used to stimulate the nerve fibers

Nerve block is produced by: a- Sever cooling. b- Strong catelectrotonus. c- Decrease Ca++ ions. d- Increased Na+ ions.

Which of the following has the lowest conduction velocity: a- A α fibers. b- A β fibers. c- B fibers. d- C fibers.

85)The function of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle include: a- binding to myosin during contraction b- acting as a relaxing protein at rest by covering the binding sites on actin.

c- sliding on actin to produce shortening. d- releasing Ca++ after propagation of action potential.

86)- Contraction of skeletal muscles: a- produces more work when the muscle contracts isometrically than when the muscle contracts isotonically. b- depends on external Ca++. c- decrease in magnitude with rapid repeated stimulation. d- does not depend on action potential.

87) The motor end plate potential is produced by: a- opening of Na+ channels. b- opening of Na+ channels then opening of K+ channels. c- opening of Na+ and K+ channels at the same time.

d- opening of Ca++ channels.

88) Nerve block is produced by all the following except: a- local anesthetics. b- excessive cooling.

c- deep pressure. d- strong cat-electrotonus.

As regard neuro-muscular transmission all are true except: a- it shows fatigue due to depletion of acetylcholine vesicles. b- occurs from nerve to muscle i.e. one way conduction. c- it is stimulated by succinyl choline. d- it is blocked by botulinum toxins.

Red ( slow ) fibers are characterized by the following except: a- contains much blood capillaries. b- glycogen stores is low. c- contains high concentration of myoglobin.

d- depends on anaerobic oxidation. 91) Neuromuscular transmission is blocked by: a- prostigmine . b- increase Ca++ ions. c- acetylcholine .

5d- succinylcholine.

All about the Sarcomere are true except: a- is the distance between myosin and actin. b- is the distance between two Z membranes. c- is the contractile unite of the muscle. d- shorten when the muscle contracts.

Excitability of nerve fibers:

is increased by decreased temperature.

is increased by decreased Na+. c- is decreased by decrease Ca++ ions. d- is completely lost by local anesthetic drugs.

94) TROPONIN BIND WITH ………….

A] ACTIN

B] CALCIUM

C] TROPOMYOSIN

D] NONE OF THESE

95) MYOSIN FILAMENT ARE MADE UP OF

A] 5 POLYPEPTIDE

B] 3 POLYPEPTIDE

C] 6 POLYPEPTIDE

D] NONE OF THESE

96) THE POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN OF ACTIN FILAMENT IS CONSIST OF ………………

A] 3 LIGHT CHAIN & 2 HEAVY CHAIN

B] 4 LIGHT CHAIN & 2 HEAVY CHAIN

C] 2 LIGHT CHAIN & 1 HEAVY CHAIN

D] 4 HEAVY CHAIN & 2 LIGHT CHAIN

97) DURATION OF ACTION POTENTIAL OF SKELETOL MUSCLE IS………

A] ‐10msec

B] 10msec

C] ‐5msec

D] ‐1msec

98) WHICH ARE THE TWO TYPES OF SYNAPSES ?

A] EXCITATORY POST‐ SYNAPTIC POTENTIAL

B] INHIBITORY PRE‐SYNAPTIC POTENTIAL

C] INHIBITORY POST‐SYNAPTIC POTENTIAL

D] [A] AND [B]

E] [A] AND [C]

99)WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE IS TRUE ABOUT MYASTHENIA GRAVIS ?

A] ANTIBODIES BIND WITH POTTASIUM CHANEL

B] ANTIBODIES BIND WITH THE NICOTIN RECCEPTOR

C] BOTH [A] AND [B]

D] NON OF THESE

100) IN EXCITATORY POST SYNAPSESE MUSCLE GET ‐

A] CONTRACTED

B] RELAXED

C] REPOLERIZE

D] BOTH [B] AND [C]

101) WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING NEUROTRANSMITER ARE EXCITATORY IN NATURE

A] ACETYL CHOLINE

B] GABA

C] GLYCINE

D] NON OF THESE

102) DURING SKELETOL MUSCLE CONTRACTION THERE IS SHORTNING OF

A] ACTIN FILAMENT

B] SARCOMERE

C] MYOSIN

D] Z‐DISC

103) WHICH NEUROTRANSMITER HELP IN BRAIN CALMING ?

A] ACETYL CHOLINE

B] GLYCINE

C] GABA

D] DOPONINE

104) WHICH ENZYME HELP IN BREAKDOWN OF ACETYL CHOLINE ?

A] CHOLINETRANSFACE

B] CHOLINESTESE

C] CHOLINERGIC RECCEPTOR

D] BOTH [B] AND [C]

105) WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GROUP OF MUSCLE IS AFFECTED BY MYASTHENIA GRAVIS ?

A] SKELETOL MUSCLE

B] SMOOTH MUCLE

C] CARDIAC MUSCLE

D] NON OF THESE

106) UNITORY SMOOTH MUSCLE ARE ALSO CALLED

A] SYNCYTIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE

B] VISCERAL SMOOTH MUSCLE

C] BOTH [A] AND [B]

D] CILLIARY SMOOTH MUSCLE

107) EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITER IS RELATED WITH

A] CAUSES DEPOLERIZATION OF MUSCLE

B] ALL OF THESE

C] OPENING OF SODIUM CHANEL

D] CONTRACTION OF THE MUSCLE

108) IN DEPOLERIZATION OF PRESYNAPYIC MEMBRANE THE HIGH INFLUX OF SODIUM CURRENT STIMULATES OPENING OF CALCIUM CHANNELS THEN CALCIUM ENTERING IN

A] MEDIUM AMOUNT

B] HIGH AMOUNT

C] LOW AMOUNT

D] RANDOMLY IN DIFFERENT AMOUNT

109) THE AMOUNT OF TENSION GENERATE BY SKELETOL MUSCLE

A] IS INCREASED BY SUMMATION

B] IS INCREASED BY RECRUITING MORE THAN UNIT

C] IS GREATEST WHEN THE MUSCLE IS BETWEEN 100 TO 120% OF IT’S OPTIMAL RESTING LENGTH

D] ALL OF THESE

110) WHEN ACETYL CHOLINE ENTER THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT IT BIND WITH WHICH RECCEPTOR ON MOTOR END PLATE ?

A] CHOLINERGIC RECCEPTOR

B] NICOTINIC RECCEPTOR

C] BOTH [A] AND [B]

D] NON OF THESE

111). WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT SYMTOM OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS ?

A] DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING

B] DROPPING EYE LEAD

C] DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING

D] MUSCLE OF HEART BECOMES WEAK

112) INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITER ARE

A] GABA

B] ACETYL CHOLINE

C] GLYCINE

D] BOTH [A] AND [C]

113) WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT CONCERNING THE STRUCTURE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE IS CORRECT .

A] SKELETOL MUSCLE HAS THE SAME STRUCTURE AS CARDIAC MUSCLE

B] SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS HAVE NO STRIATION AS THEY LACK MYOSIN FILAMENT

C] SMOOTH MUSCLE HAS A SYSTEM OF T‐TUBULES

D] THE MYOFIBRILS OF SKELETOL MUSCLE ARE SURROUNDED BY THE SACROPLASMIC RECTUM

114) The diffusion of water across a semipermeable or selectively permeable membrane is termed as

a) active transport.

b) diffusion.

c) osmosis.

d) endocytosis .

115) Cell membrane is made up of -

a)cholestrol.

b)phospholipids.

c)nuclic acid.

d) proteins.

116)The equilibrium potential of calcium and potassium respectively are

a)- 85mV and -85mV

b)+120mV and +65mV

c) +120mV and -85mV

d) -85mV and +120mV

117) What is the percentage of the cell membrane is lipids.

a)50%

b)87%

c)47%

d)5%

118)The clear portion of cytoplasm in which particles are dispersed is called

a)cytoplasm.

b)nucleoplasm.

c) cytosol.

d) sarcoplasm.

119) Inner leaflets are ___________in nature.

a)hydrophobic

b)hydrophilic

c) lypophobic

d) a and c both

120) Select the correct one:

a) primary active transport - NaH PUMP.

b) simple diffusion - carrier mediated diffusion.

c)co-transport - Na-Glucose pump.

d)facilitated diffusion - non-carrier mediated diffusion.

121) Ingulfing of bacteria by white blood cells is called as

a)phagocytosis.

b) pinocytosis.

c) exocytosis.

d) endocytosis.

122) From soil, inorganic ions can be loaded in roots through

a)diffusion.

b)active transport.

c)partial osmosis.

d)differential osmosis.

123) Which of these statements best describes the function of the cell membrane.

a) It allows substance to freely enter and exit the cell.

b) It controls the substancewhich enter and exit the cell.

c) It prevent substance from entering the cell.

d) it prevent substance from leaving the cell.

124) In hyperpolarizing phase the membrane potential is expected to be

a) -70mV

b) less than -70mV

c) more than -70mV

d) none of the above

125) All the following transport mechanisms are passive except

a)diffusion.

b) facilitated transport.

c) osmosis.

d) vesicular transport.

126) As compared to others which of the following ions has low/less concentration in the cell.

a)potassium

b)sulphate

c) chloride

d) magnesium

127) If cell voltage gated sodium channels are making very high increase in sodium level of concentration at that moment Na.K Atpase/pump will

a) works lower than normal

b) works higher than normal

c) works normal

d) doesn't works either

128) The temporary protein attached to the cell membrane can be easily removed by changing its....

a)composition

b)pH

C) position

d) membrane potential

129) Condition responsible for maintaining the negativity of the cell.

a)Influx of Cl and outflux of K

b) influx of K and outflux of Cl

c) outflux of Ca and influx of K

d) outflux of Cl and influx of Ca

130) The electrochemical flactuations occuring in the cell membrane of excitable cells which propagates in action is called

a)Resting membrane potential.

b)diffusion.

c) action potential.

d) equilibrium potential.

131) In structural protein alternately arranged myosin and actin are connected together by

a)protein molecules .

b) serine molecules.

c) glucose molecules.

d) tictin molecules.

132) When Na flows into axon , polarity inverts and membrane becomes less negative then it is known as

a) Repolarization.

b)Depolarization.

c) Excitation of cell.

d) Hyperpolarization.

133) Diffusion is measured by equation J=PA(C1-C2)

a)impulse (mmol/sec)

b)flux (mmol/min)

c)permeability(cm/sec)

d)flux (mmol/sec)

134) Inward curent is flow of...

a) negative charge inside the cell.

b)positive charge inside the cell.

c) neutral charge outside the cell.

d) positive charge outside the cell.

135) A person feels weakness ,fatigue and difficulty in movement due to high potassium sereum concentration is known as

a)Myasthenia gravis.

b)Huntington's disease

c)Oestomalacia

d)Hyperkalemia