Multiple Particles

Seite 1

Review of Phrase-Particle Wa

Recall that X + wa indicates that X is the limit to which the predicate is being applied in the given context, implying that:

there may also be other items that apply ('X at least', 'X for one')

X is being contrasted with other items

Seite 2

Review of Phrase-Particle Mo

Recall that X + mo indicates that X additionally applies to the predicate ('X too', 'X also', 'even X')

Seite 3

Multiple Particles

The X of X + wa and X + mo may be a combined nominal + particle, resulting in multiple particles:

nominal + particle + wa

nominal + particle + mo

Note: the particle in this case is usually not ga or o.

The usual meaning of wa and mo are applied to both the nominal and the particle. Compare:

Kono eki ni arimasu --> Kono eki ni wa arimasu, ga... --> Kono eki ni mo arimasu

There's [one] in this station --> There's [one] in this station (at least) but... There's [one] in this station, too

(I'm not commenting on other stations)

Be careful to distinguish between:

Denwa wa kotira ni mo arimasu --> Denwa mo kotira ni arimasu

Telephones are here, too Telephones are here, too

(in addition to other places) (in addition to other things)