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Dry Run- Running of an algorithm to see how variables update and outputs.

Has instructions are coded as bits

Programs are compiled into machine code before running.

Instructions to CPU are processed as part of fetch-execute cycle

EG Add 2

Opcode is the code for instruction

EG 1011 could be add or 1010 could be subtract

An operand may be included to give location of memory containing data needed to be processed.

Software flags assign locations in memory as instruction only locations and data only.

Some other systems use hardware flags to distinguish. An extra bit may be allocated to each bit pattern to flag instruction or data.

MAC address

Media access control address - Unique identifier assigned to network interfaces. Hardwired to NIC