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Reformers begin to challenge both secular and religious rules and practice

Germany

England

Switzerland

Martin Luther begins the Protestant Reformation

The Peace of Augsburg divides Germany into Catholic and Protestant cities

King Henry VIII breaks with the pope to create the Church of England.

Catholic Queen Mary executes Protestants

Henry used his power to dissolve the monasteries and sell their land and possessions

As a result of this, England was even more Protestant

John Calvin promotes the concept of predestination

Predestination: "eternal decree", meant that God has determited in advance who would be saved and who could be damned

He created The Consistory, a special body for enforcing moral discipline

Calvanism had replaced Lutheranism as the most important and dynamic form of Porestantism