Circulatory System Unit

Seite 1

Blood Vessel Structure 2.01

Blood

Arteries

Veins

Heart

Capillaries

Arteries

Carry oxygenated blood away form the heart to the capillaries

Elastic, muscular and think walled

Transport blood under very high pressure

Arteries > arterioles > capillaries

Arterial blood

Oxygen, rich, bright spurts

Arteries

Carotid

Brachiocephalic

Subclavian

Axillary

Brachial

Radical

Thoracic aorta

Femoral

Popliteal

Dorsalis Pedis

Capillaries

The smallest blood vessels connect arteries to venues

Veins

Carry deoxygenated blood away form capillaries to the heart

Veins contain a muscular layer but less elastic and muscular than arteries

Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood

Veins have values that permit flow of blood only in direction of the heart

Veins > Venules > Capillaries

Venous Blood

Oxygenated, poor, dark crimson, oozes

Veins

Jugular

Subclavian

Brachiocephalic

Axillary

Brachial

Radical

Superior Vena Cava

Inferior Vena Cava

Great Saphenous

Femoral

Popliteal

Dorsalis Venous Arch

Seite 2

Circulatory System Functions 2.02

The heart is the pump that circulated blood to ALL parts of the body

At least, 2 ounces of blood is circulated with each heart beat

Arteries, Veins and Capillaries are the structures that take blood from the heart to the cells and return blood from the cells back to the heart Normal heart beat is 60 - 100 beats

Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries waste products away

The Lymph system returns excess fluid from the tissues to general circulation

What makes the lupp dupp sound?

The opening and closing of heart valves

Arteries

-Carry oxygenated blood form the heart to the capillaries except the pulmonary arteries

they carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Muscular, elastic walls carry blood under high pressure

Strongest type of blood vessels

Vessels of the Circulatory system

Carry deoxygenated blood away form the cells to the heart except the pulmonary veins

They carry oxygenated blood back to the heart form the lungs

Collapse when not filled with blood

Have valves to prevent back flow

Skeletal muscles also help push venous blood back to the heart

Pressure change in the thoracic and abdominal cavities when you breath also helps bring venous blood back to the heart

Capillaries

Connect arteries and veins

Smallest type of blood vessels

Thin walls which allow selected substances to move from the capillaries to cells and from cells back to capillaries...nutrients, oxygen, waste products, WBCs

The Transportation Process

Also called the general circulation

Carries blood thought the body - from the heart to the cells and back to the heart

Right Side Left Side

Superior Vena Cava Pulmonary Vein

Inferior Vena Cava Left Atrium

Right Atrium Up Bicuspid Valve Down

Tricuspid Valve Left Ventricle

Right Ventricle Aortic Valve

Pulmonary Valve Aorta

Pulmonary Artery Body

Lungs Co2 and O2 Exchange

Carries blood form heart to the lungs and back to the heart

What makes the pump work?

The electrical activity of the heart

Conduction system of the heart beats

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) - Intrinsic peacemaker of the heart

- Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)

- Atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle/ Bundle of HIS)

Purkinjie Fibers

Electrocardiogram

EKG or ECG

Systole = Contraction Phase

Diastole = Relaxation Phase

Baseline of an EKG is a Flat line:

P = Atrial Contraction

QRS = Ventricular Contraction

T = Ventricular Relaxation

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the surge of blood when the heart pumps create pressure against the walls of the arteries

Systolic Pressure

Measured during the contraction phase

Diastolic Pressure

Measured when the ventricles are relaxed

What is the normal range of blood pressure for an adult?

-120/80

Alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it

Usually the same as the heart rate

Brachial

Temporal

Radical

Ulnar

Carotid

Femoral

Tibialis

Dorsalis Pedis

Pulse Sites

Temporal - Slightly above the outer edge of the eye

Carotid - Found in the neck along the front margin of the steroleidomastoid muscle

Brachial - Located at the bend of the arm along the inner border of the bicep muscle

Radical - At the wrist on the thumb side

Ulnar - At the wrist on the pinky side

Femoral - In the inguinal/groin area

Popliteal - Behind the knee

Tibialis - On the inner aspect of the ankle

Doralis Pedis - On the anterior surface/top of the foot

Seite 3

Structures of the Heart 2.01

(Longest system)

Organs of circulatory system

Blood

Heart

Arteries

Veins

Capillaries

Heart (Main Organ)

STRONGEST muscle

Made of cardiac muscle

The heart is a double pump

-Beats normally 60 times a min. 100 times a min cells cells need oxygen to live

Heart Structures

Cambers:

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

Valves:

Tricuspid

Pulmonary Semilunar

Mitral (bicuspid)

Aortic Semilunar

Layers:

Pericardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

Mayer Heart Blood Vessels

Vena Cava

a.Superior -Top half of body

b.Inferior -Lower half of body

Pulmonary Artery (2 sets) Left and Right blood

Pulmonary Veins - Bring back blood (oxygenated) to the heart to the left atrium

Aorta - Largest artery

Conduction System of heart beats

-Sinotrial Node (SA node) - intrinsic peacemaker of the heart

-Atrioventricular node (AV node)

-Atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle/bundle of HIS)

-Purkinjie Fibers

Seite 4

Circulatory System Disorders 2.02

Circulatory Disorders

Arrhythmia/Dysrhymia - is any change from normal heart rate or rhythm

Bradycardia - Slow heart rate ( > 60 beats per minute)

What is the normal range for a pulse? > 60 - 100 bpm

Aneurysm - The ballooning of an artery accompanied by thinning arterial wall, caused by a weakening of the blood vessel... often in the brain, aorta

Pulsates with each heart beat

S/S - pain, pressure, sometimes no symptoms

Diagnosis - PE, MRI,CT scans

Treatment - Close ,monitoring, lower blood pressure, interventional radiology techniques where the aneurysm is coiled or clipped to prevent it form bursting

Prognosis - Good with treatment but can be life threatening

Arteriosclerosis - Occurs as arterial walls thicken because of a loss of elasticity ... causing narrowing and a decrease in the flow of blood to areas of the body