Camelids

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Species

Llama

More likely to be multicoloured

Sheer when needed

Fleece coarse in comparison

Alpaca

Suri

Silky fine wool

More difficult to process fleece

Sheer every 1-2 years

Huacaya

Easier to process fleece

Sheer every year

More likely to be one colour

Vicuna

Wild

Sheered every couple of year

Guanaco

Fleece

Fleece less scratchy

Hollow

Warm in the winter , cool in the summer

Sheering

On back

Stretched

Shown

Halter

Shorn

Purpose

Llama largely used

Llama treks

Old peoples home

Agility

vocalisation

Humming

Snort

Agression

Agitation

Clicking

Youngster + dam

Alarm

Orgling

Induce ovulation

Spitting

Saliva

Stomach contents

Agression?

Ears back - not happy

Nose - spit

Tail up - males not happy

Restraint

A few together

Neck grip

One arm

High up neck

Reasonably firm

Aplaca - other hand on withers

Stops jumping

Llama - other hand on rails

Stops jumping

Wide stance

Balance

Knees in side

Bracelet grip

One hand under chin

One on back of neck

Good for moving if no halter

Breath neck to them

Predator holds breath before attack

Small area

Halter fit

Training only takes 3 sessions usually

Nose band v high up

Obligate nasal breathers

Not on cartilage - struggle to breathe

Media camus

Dont surpass stress threshold

Mouth breathing sign

Leave and come back if possible

Comatose - death

Pouting

V annoyed

Lip pulled down

Confused with mouth breathing

Fights

Teeth

Charging

Terminology

CRIA young

Spanish term for baby

Hold like dog up to 3 weeks

Female

Male

Body features

Leather pad

Walk on

Ungulates

P3 + P2

Nail requires trimming

1-4 times a year

Level to leathery pad

Most owners do this themselves

Metatarsal glands

Look like chestnut on horse

Hind legs

No upper incisors

First canine = 4th incisor

Fighting teeth

All adult entire males

Some females + castrated males

Trim back ?

Some owners request

Grow back blunter

Cut just above gum line

Teeth

Raised ridges

Dont trim too flat

Stomach

3 compartments

Pseudo ruminants

1

2

Out pouch of 1

1+2

Secrete Bicarb

Equivalent of rumen

Holes inc SA

3

Equivalent to abomasum

Intestine

Double helix colon

1st loop diameter reduced from 5 cm to 1.5 cm

Impaction

Present with mild colic

Liver

No gall bladder

Faecal pellets

Round

Tear dropped shaped

Well formed

Watery diarrhoea

Loosing BW at massive weight

IV fluids as well as oral

Nutrition

Selective feeding

Digest fibrous foods more efficiently

Inc C1 retention

Inc C1 volume

Efficient urea recycling

Appetite

Alpaca 1.8% BW

Llama 2% BW

Problems in lactating / heavily pregnant females

Energy

Maintenance

Alpaca - 7.5 MJ

Llama - 13.5 MJ

Activity

Low 1.25x

Medium 1.5x

High 1.75x

Additional

Pregnancy + lactation

Last 3 month of gestation

11 month pregnancy

Alpaca

2

4

6

Lact >4

Lamma

3

6

9

Lact >6.5

Metabolisable

Largely extrapolated from other species

Preg 13

Milk 60

Main70

Growth50

Protein

Maintenance - 10%

Active male/ pregnant female -12

Growth - 12-16

Lactation - 14

Fibre

25% DM

Concentrates

Introduce slowly over 14 weeks

Max 30%

Vitamin D

Deficiency

Rickets regularly seen

Dark fleec

Supplement in winter

Paste

2 weeks

Injection

6 weeks

Have to import

Less used

Female due to give birth feb/march

Zinc

Rare deficiency

Benefit in less skin problems with non

Overweight

Unnecessary supplements

Carrot and apple instead of concentrates

BCS

Hard to see because of fleece

2-3

If lost 1 - vet in week

if lost 2 - vet soon

Water

Main - 3% BW

Lactation , exercise 8%

Hot human weather 10-15%

Heat + cold stress

Out wintered often

Stone walls

Shade

Supplementary forage