geograpy revision 2014 no 2

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DEVELOPMENT

what is development?-development is a process a change and growth. it is not just about it is not just about increasing income levels or possessions but improving the quality of life for all people. there are many different aspects to development.

the 8 millennium development goals-

1.eradicate extreme poverty and hunger-the first goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, currently the target has been met and poverty rates have been halved between 1990 and 2010, but 1.2 billion people still live in extreme poverty.

2.achieve universal primary education-too many children are still denied of primary education and if the current trend continues then the world will not reach the current goal of universal primary education by 2015. globally 123 million youth aged 15 to 24 lack basic reading and writing skills.

3.promote gender equality and empower women-currently women are assuming more power in the worlds parliaments but unless we make a big leap we will not succeed in this goal as the average share of women members of parliament is worldwide is just over 20%.

4.reduce child mortality-huge gains have been made in child survival but efforts will have to be redoubled if we want to achieve the goal of reducing child mortality from 93 dying per thousand to 31 dying out of every thousand.

5.improve maternal health-although maternal mortality has declined by nearly half since 1990 it still falls short of the MDE target. The target for improving maternal health include reducing maternal mortality rate by 3/4s and achieve universal access to reproductive health.

6.combat hiv/aids,malaria and other diseases-the incidence of hiv is declining steadily in most cases but 2.5 million people are still being newly infected every year.

7.ensure environmental sustainability-global greenhouse emissions are still on the upward path and forests continue to disappear alarmingly quickly. global greenhouse emissions have increased by more than 46 per cent since 1990.

8.develop a global partnership for development-since 1990 there has been less and less aid given to poorer and developing countries around the globe.

working children-why do children work?-poverty -children from poor, unskilled illiterate families are forced to work to earn even the smallest amount of money.

family situation-children from single parent families are under more pressure to work, and girls may be expected to do more work than boys.

social position-gender, class, ethnic background and caste which children are most vulnerable.

statistics and facts on children working-500 million worker in the world earn just one us dollar a day. Most are in developing countries and many are children.

-by 2013 460 million new job seekers will join them (213 million in Asia)

-50% of these children work full time and the other half combine work with school.

-186 million children are doing work that should be abolished.

-Asia has 61% of these working children, followed by Africa (32%) and Latin America and the Caribbean (7%).

the Brandt line-

what is it?- the Brandt line is a line that separates the earth in half.

why was it developed? the Brandt line was developed to show where all the ledcs and medcs are.

what does it show?-the Brandt line shows where all the medcs are (mostly on the southern part of the world) and where all the ledcs are (mostly on the northern part of the world).

GDP-what does it stand for?-GDP stands for gross domestic product, and it is used as one of the primary indicators of the health of a country's economy. it represents the total value of all the goods and services produced in a specific time period by the country(or person if its GDP per person).

other indicators of development-other indicators of development are: what housing is made of and how grand/big the buildings are, the literacy rate of the country, the death rate of a country, the amount of trading taking place in the country, how rich the country as a whole is (GDP), how good the healthcare is in the county, how good the education is in the country and how much of it there is, the amount of computers, phones or TVs in a country (although this one is not very accurate nowadays because more people have mobile phones than people have toilets and finally how protected the country is from natural disasters.

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